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Bio Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| population | many of the same organisms in an area |
| community | different populations in one area |
| ecosystem | all the different populations plus the abiotic factors in a community |
| biome | many different ecosystems located in one geographical area |
| Biosphere | anywhere on the planet where life is supported |
| ectotherm | animals whose body temperature varies with the environment |
| endotherm | animals who keep the same internal temperature in their bodies |
| homeostasis | balance in the body |
| negative feedback loop | a counteracting response in the body to come back to a set point |
| positive feedback loop | intensifying the response |
| skeletal system | functions are to protect organs, store calcium and produce bone marrow. |
| dermis | layer of skin that contains blood vessels, hair, nerves, and sweat glands |
| largest organ system in the human body | integumentary system |
| epidermis | outer layer of the skin |
| sebaceous gland | contains the oil that lubricates the hair |
| Merkel cells | sensory cells in the skin, especially in the fingertips, that provide sensations |
| three types of muscles | cardiac, skeletal and smooth |
| lowering contraction | one muscle is elongated and another shortened to do the job |
| lifting contraction | one muscle shortens and another one relaxes to do the job |
| stabilizing contraction | keeps the muscle rigid |
| endocrine system | composed of multiple glands that produce hormones which help regulate many functions in the body |
| thymus | creates white blood cells and shrinks after puberty |
| pancreas | makes insulin which controls blood sugar levels |
| thyroid | controls metabolism |
| pineal gland | makes melatonin which aids in sleep |
| Circulatory system | carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and then it removes waste products |
| Pulmonary circulation | loop in the circulatory system between the heart and lungs. |
| Systemic circulation | loop that carries blood from the heart to the other parts of the body |
| Veins | carry blood to the heart |
| Arteries | carry blood away from the heart and to the body |
| Capillaries | exchange nutrients and oxygen to the cells and waste materials brought back into these vessels |
| respiratory system | consists of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and diaphragm |
| parts of the large intestine | ascending, transverse, and descending |
| small intestine | responsible for the absorption of nutrients |
| large intestine | responsible for absorbing any remaining water in the digestion process |
| cerebrum of the brain | has 4 different lobes that process sensory information |
| cerebellum of the brain | provides balance and coordination |
| brain stem | regulates the functions necessary for living |
| Central Nervous System | consists of the brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | divided into autonomic and somatic parts |
| Nodes of Ranvier | parts of the axon without the “insulation” |
| Dendrites | receive messages from other neurons |
| Myelin sheath | insulation for the axon that allows nerve impulses to travel faster |
| Axon | the trunk of the neuron that carries signals away from the cell body |
| tonsils and adenoids | stop and get rid of infection through the mouth |
| thymus | produces T-cells |
| bone marrow | produces white blood cells |
| Lymph vessels and nodes | maintain the fluid levels in your body and store lymphocytes and other immune cells |
| three types of plant tissue | ground, dermal and vascular |
| Xylem | made of dead cells and transport water from the roots to the plant |
| Phloem | made of living cells and transport sugar from the leaves to all other parts of the plant. |
| root system | plant organ system that includes everything that grows underground |
| Shoot system | plant organ system that includes everything that grows above the ground |
| Nastic response | does NOT depend on the direction of the stimulus and occurs due to changes in turgor pressure. |
| Tropism | depends on the direction of the stimulus and occurs due to hormones |
| Internal response to stimuli in plants | Hormones, toxins and turgor pressure |
| Gymnosperms | Lack fruits and flowers, naked seeds, rely on wind pollination |
| Angiosperms | Has fruit & flowers, Seeds are in an ovary, animal/water/wind pollination |
Created by:
Ms. Jenell
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