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aChapter 1 Science
House, we need to cure this patient.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eyepiece/ocular lens | The part of the microscope you look through (10x magnification) |
| Coarse focus knob | Used to focus the microscope on low power |
| Fine focus knob | Sharpens the focus on high power |
| Stage | Part of the microscope on which the specimen is placed |
| Objective lens | The lens of the microscope closest to the specimen (4x, 10x, 40x) |
| Micrometre (µm) | Unit used to measure microscopic objects |
| Specimen | The object being studied using the microscope |
| Light source | Used to light the specimen |
| Total magnification | The product of the objective lens and the eyepiece |
| Cells | The basic unit of living things |
| What are new cells produced from? | Existing cells |
| Unicellular organisms | Made of one cell and all life processes happen between that single cell |
| Examples of unicellular organisms | Bacteria, amoeba, protozoa, euglena, paramecium |
| Multicellular organisms | Organisms made of different cells having specialised functions |
| Examples of multicellular organisms | Humans, animals, plants |
| Level of ORGANisation | Cells -> tissues -> organs-> organ systems-> organisms |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells working together |
| Organ | Structure containing at least two types of tissues working together to complete a function |
| Organ system | Group of organs working together |
| Nucleus | Controls cell activities, like brain of the cell, surrounded by nuclear membrane |
| Cell membrane | Thin, flexible barrier that controls what enters/exits and acts like the skin of a cell, hard to identify with a microscope |
| Cytoplasm | Gel-like substance where organelles float |
| Ribosomes | Makes proteins, very tiny |
| Vacuoles | Stores water, nutrients and waste, also maintains shape for plants by adding pressure |
| Cell wall | PLANTS ONLY - rigid outer layer for support and made of CELLULOSE, able to be observed under a simple microscope |
| Chloroplasts | Capture sunlight for photosynthesis and are especially green from chlorophyll |
| Cell functions controlled by the nucleus | Chemical reactions, cell development and cell reproduction. |
| What does the cytoplasm contain? | Cytosol, cytoskeleton and organelles |
| Organelles | Specialised structures in living cells |
| Cytosol | Liquid with proteins and salts |
| Cytoskeleton | Provides structure, keeps cell in shape |
| Functions of the cytoplasm | Moves materials within the cell, holds organelles in place and is the site of many chemical reactions |
| Function of the mitochondria | Produces energy (ATP) for the cell through a process called cellular respiration |
| Embryonic stem cell | Can become any type of cell |
| Adult stem cell | Can become a limited number of cell types |
| Medical applications of stem cells | Treating diseases, replacing damaged tissues, testing new drugs |
| Quantative data | Data produced by recording a quantity of something (e.g. number of days) |
| Continuous data | Numerical data that can have any value (e.g. height, weight) |
| Cell theory | The idea that all living things are made up of one or more cells that come from pre-existing cells |
| Light microscope | Uses light to view specimens, magnification up to 1000x |
| Electron microscope | Uses electrons to view specimens, magnification up to 10,000,000x |
| Compound microscope | Microscopes with more than one lense |
| Stereo microscope | A binocular microscope that uses light to view specimens |
| How to prepare a slide | -Place specimen on slide -Add a drop of water -Lower cover slip at an angle -Remove excess water with paper towel -Staining: Makes cell structures more visible -Drawing observations: Include magnification and labels |
Created by:
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