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meteorology 1
first test study group
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lithosphere | land formations, rocks, geologic processes |
| hydrosphere | water in all phases |
| atmosphere | gases driving weather and climate |
| biosphere | life and its interactions with environment |
| non variable gases | nitrogen, oxygen, argon, 99% |
| variable gases | water vapor, CO2, aerosols, ozone |
| water vapor | humidity, precipitation |
| CO2 | greenhouse gas linked to surface temp |
| ozone | block uv in stratosphere, harmful at surface |
| troposphere | weather, temp decreases with height |
| thermosphere | thin, very hot |
| mesosphere | meteors burn, very cold |
| ionosphere | charged particles, auroras |
| Fahrenheit | freezing at 32, boiling at 212 |
| Celsius | freezing at 0, boiling at 100 |
| kelvin | starts at absolute 0 and no negatives |
| degree days | estimate heating/ cooling demand |
| heat index | combines temperature + humidity |
| wind chill | combines temperature + wind speed. |
| clouds | cooler days, warmer nights |
| isotherms | equal lines of temperature |
| albedo | reflectivity; high = bright surfaces, low = dark. |
| Greenhouse Effect | gases trap outgoing longwave, keep Earth warm |
| Conduction | molecule-to-molecule contact. |
| Convection | rising/sinking fluid motions |
| Radiation | electromagnetic waves, no medium required. |
| Energy | capacity to do work |
| Heat | transfer of energy hot → cold. |
| Temperature | average kinetic energy of molecules. |
| Equinoxes | subsolar point at equator, equal day/night |
| Solstices | extremes at 23.5° N (June) and 23.5° S (December). |
| Perihelion | Jan. 3 (closest) |
| Aphelion | July 4 (farthest). |
| earths four spheres | Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere |
| atmospheric layers | troposphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, stratosphere |
| Melting/freezing | ±80 cal/g. |
| Vaporization/condensation | ±600 cal/g. |
| Sublimation/deposition | direct solid ↔ gas transitions. |
| Absolute Humidity | mass of water vapor in air volume. |
| mixing ratio | water vapor vs dry air mass. |
| Vapor Pressure | partial pressure from water vapor. |
| Relative Humidity | ratio of actual to maximum possible water vapor. |
| Dew Point | temperature air must cool to reach saturation. |
| Dry Adiabatic Rate | ~10°C/km. |
| Wet Adiabatic Rate | slower, variable with moisture. |
| Lifting Condensation Level | altitude where condensation begins. |
| Orographic lifting | air over mountains. |
| frontal lifting | warm/cold air masses |
| convergence | colliding air masses |
| localized convection | uneven surface heating |
Created by:
makennaferman
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