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Bio-TestOne
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gregor Mendel | Known as the Father of Genetics; he crossed traits of peas and flowers. |
| Allele | Form of a gene |
| 1. #of autosomes 2. Total# of autosomes 3.#of sex chromosomes | 1. 23 2. 46 3. 1 pair |
| Gametes | The egg and sperm cells |
| Female Chromosome | XX |
| Male Chromosome | YX |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup |
| Phenotype | Observable traits |
| Dominant | Determines the organism's traits or appearance |
| Recessive | No noticible effect on organism's traits |
| Homozygous | An organism with two identical alleles |
| Heterozygous | An organism with two distinct alleles. |
| Does probabilty have memory? | No. |
| Are all genes dominant or recessive? | No. |
| Incomplete Dominance | A type of inheritance where the phenotype of a heterozygote(Aa) is in between the phenotypes of thetwo homozygotes(AA or aa). For example: AA - black Aa - grey aa- white |
| Haploid | n |
| Diploid | 2n |
| Tetradiploid | 4n |
| Octoploid | 8n |
| What sex Chromosome carries the color blind allele? | X |
| Test Cross | To determine the genotype of one of the parents by crossing a homozygous recessive individual with a dominant phenotype. |
| Carrier | An individual who is heterozygous(Rr) for a reccessive dissorder and does not show symptoms of that dissorder. |
| With sickle cells, who can and can not prevent malaria? | Caerriers can prevent and normal people can not. |
| Dihybrid Cross | A cross between to organisms that are heterozygous for each trait. |
| Dihybrid phenotypic ratio | 9:3:3:1 |
| Domaninant Genes are 3 times more common than recessive genes | False |
| Dominant genes are overtaking recessive genes with each generation | False |
| Watson and Crick | figured out the structure of DNA as a Double Helix |
| Rosalind Franklin | Helped Watson and Crick figure out the structure of DNA |
| DNA | There are four bases of DNA; G,C, A, and T. G goes to C and A goes to T. |
| DNA Replication | The DNA strand splits apart like a zipper, then makes identical coppies of the missing bases. Afterwards, they fuse together and become two seperate DNA strands. |
| Mutation | When the DNA is not an exact replica of the original and is, therefore, damaged. This can happen because of rediation, sunburn, etc. |
| How many start codons are there? | One |
| How many bases does a codon have? | Three |
| How many stop codons are there? | Three. They come in triplets |
| How many naturally occuring amino acids are there? | twenty |
| Is the genetic code redundant? | Yes |
| Can you have evolution without genetics? | No |
| The two parts of evolution | percent survival and number of offspring |
| Animals have cytoskeletons | true |
| plants only have cell walls | true |
| Beagle | The ship Darwin sailed on |
| Two kinds of Fats | lipids and Oils |
| Lipids | solid fats |
| Oils | Liquid fats |
| How many total codons are there? | 64 |
| Nucleus | The central comand or headquarters of the cell |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Makes proteins, secretes enzymes, and has many ribosomes |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Has no ribosomes, makes lipids, and detoxifies poisons |
| Golgi Apparatus | Refines, stores, and transports materials like a warehouse(UPS). |
| Mitocondrion | Place of cellular respiration. Makes Energy( ATP) |
| Ribosomes | Tiny specs that are responsible for protein synthesis and makes new proteins. |
| Cytoskeleton | gives structure to the cell |
| Plasma Membrane | the outer part of the cell. |
Created by:
ii_UnkownWaterz
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