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ENSP-2010 Chapter 12
Vocab from slides
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Flooding | a process that occurs when snowmelt or heavy water swells the volume of a river, so it spills out over the riverbanks |
| Levees | protects against floods, built along banks of waters to hold water in main channels |
| Aqueducts or Canals | channel water from rivers and lakes to homes and farms |
| Dam | any obstruction placed in a river or stream to blocks its flow |
| Reservoirs | artificial lakes that store water for human use |
| Desalination or Dezalinization | the removal of salt from seawater or other water |
| Rainwater Harvesting | a process of collecting rainwater with a rain barrel |
| water pollution | any changes in the chemical, physical or biological properties of water due to human activities |
| point sources | discrete locations that release water pollution |
| Non-point sources | arise from multiple inputs over large areas (farms, city streets, and residential neighborhoods) |
| Excessive nutrient concentration can lead to... | harmful algae booms |
| Wastewater | water affected by human activities and included water from toilets, sinks, dishwashers, and washing machines |
| sediments | eroded soils carried to rivers by runoff and transported long distances |
| Ocean acidification | occurs as the ocean becomes more acidic from absorbing carbon dioxide |
| Septic tanks | separate solids and oils form water in a septic tank, then the water travel down trenches naturally being decomposed |
| primary treatment | physically remove contaminants in settling tanks or clarifiers |
| secondary treatment | stirs and aerates wastewater so bacteria can naturally decompose the wastes in it |
| effluent | treat to kill bacteria and returned back to rivers, lakes, or the ocean |
| biosolids | can be used as fertilizer |
| marine protected areas | restrict some human activities, but allow fishing and etc. |
| marine reserves | areas of the ocean where fishing is prohibited |
| fresh water | water that is relatively pure and free from salts |
| surface water | located atop earth's surface (river or lake) |
| ground water | water beneath the surface that resides within pores in soil or rock |
| aquifiers | porous spongelike formation of rock and sand |
| water table | the upper border of the later completely filled with water |
| Recharged zone | any area where water can infiltrate through the surface and reach the aquifer |
| confined aquifers | trapped between impermeable clay |
| unconfined aquifers | not trapped between impermeable clay |
| runoff | water that falls from the sky or melts from snow or a glacier that flows over a land surface |
| wetlands | systems where the soil is saturated with water |
| freshwater marshes | consist of cattails and bulrushes that grow about the water's surface |
| swamps | contain standing water but in forested areas |
| bogs | ponds over in think floating mats of vegetation |
| vernal pools | seasonal wetlands |
| estuaries | bodies of water where rivers flow into the ocean, mixing |
| salt marshes | occur where tides wash over gently sloping sandy or silty substrates |
| coral reef | a mass of calcium carbonate composed of the shells of tiny animals, corals |
| consumptive use | water is removed but not returned |
| nonconsumptive use | temporarily removes water from a source |
| water mining | withdrawal of water faster than it is replenished |
| sinkholes | larges areas of land suddenly collapse |
Created by:
Philipdshay
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