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Animal Diversity

TermDefinitionExamples
Porifera Multicellularity Sponges
Cnidaria True tissue (2 layers); radial symmetry Jellyfish, anemones, corals
Platyhelminthes Bilateral symmetry; 3 tissue layers (endo-, meso-, ectoderm) Flatworms, tapeworms, flukes
Rotifera Psuedocoelomates (false body cavity) Rotifers
Mollusca True coelom (true body cavity)-- contained within mesoderm Gastropods (snails), cephalopods, bivalves, chitons
Annelida Segmentation Earthworms, marine worms, leeches
Nematoda Molting Roundworms
Anthropoda Jointed appendages Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, millipedes, centipedes
Echinodermata Deuterostome development Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, feather stars
Chordata Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, postanal tail, pharyngeal slits Chordates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals
Subphylum Urochordata 4 features of chordates Tunicates
Subphylum Cephalorchordata 4 features of chordates Lancelets
Class Myxini Cranium Hagfish
Petromyzontida Vertebral column Lamprey
Chondrichthyes Jaws Sharks, rays
Osteichthyes Calcified bones Bass, goldfish, most fish
Amphibia Tetrapods Frogs, salamanders
Reptilia Amniotic egg Turtles, lizards, snakes, crocs, birds
Mammalia Mammary glands Monotremes, marsupials, placental
Protosomes Platyhelminthes, rotifera, mollusca, annelida, nematoda, arthropoda
Lophotrochophores Platyhelminthes, rotifera, mollusca, annelida
Ecdysiasts Nematoda, arthropoda
Gnathostomes Jaws
Zygote Fertilized egg
Cleavage Cell divisions subdividing a fertilized egg (zygote) to form a multicellular embryo
Blastula Hollow ball of cells formed by cleavage
Gastrula Stage of animal development characterized by the formation of the digestive cavity; results in formation of gut/digestive cavity, and embryonic germ layers
Organogenisis Formation of organs in animal embryogenesis
Protostome Mouth first; blastopore develops into mouth, with second opening becoming anus
Deuterostome Mouth second; blastopore develops into anus, with second opening becoming mouth
HOX genes Master control gene that can turn on or off large numbers of other genes during embryogenesis; determines general body plan
Body symmetry Symmetry, asymmetry, radial, bilateral
Germ layers- endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm Establish and reorganize to form embryo
Segmentation Occurs whenever animal bodies are divided into repeating units or segments
Germ layer Collection of cells formed during embryogenesis that will give rise to future body tissues; animal tissues specialize and organize into organs and organ systems
Endoderm Innermost germ layer in embryo; lining of digestive tract and lining of respiratory tract
Ectoderm Outermost germ layer in an embryo; nervous system and outer epithelial covering of the body surface
Mesoderm Middle germ layer in triploblast embryo; muscle, connective tissue, and internal organs
Symmetry Body parts around a central plane or axis
Asymmetry Body can't be divided into similar sections (sponges)
Radial Symmetry Body parts are arranged around a central point like spokes on a wheel
Bilateral Symmetry Can be divided into equal halves along a single plane; left and right sides that mirror each other
Coelom Lined body cavity; lies between visceral organs and body wall
Acoelomate Animal without a body cavity
Pseudocoelomate Animal with a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm
Eucoelomate True coelomates; animal with a body cavity completely lined with mesodermal tissue
Created by: mgs2498
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