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Topic 3

Gene Expression

QuestionAnswer
Gene a unique sequence of DNA containing information to make a protein
Nucleotide basic building block of DNA/RNA - made of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base
Nucleotide Polymer a long chain of nucleotides linked together: DNA/RNA
Nucleotide Monomers single nucleotide units that link together to form DNA/RNA - has three key components: sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
Nitrogenous Bases Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) - A&T + C&G
Genotype the genetic makeup of an organism - the specific genes it has
Phenotype observable trait of an organism (appearance, behavior)
One Polypeptide Hypothesis each gene codes for a single protein chain
Central Dogma genetic information flows from DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that carries information out of the nucleus
RNA single stranded, sugar is ribose, no Thymine (T); instead Uracil (U) - A&U + C&G
Ribose sugar found in RNA
Deoxyribose sugar found in DNA
Transcription process of using a DNA template to make a complementary RNA
Translation process of using the information in mRNA to synthesize proteins (interprets nucleotides to amino acids)
Amino Acids building blocks of proteins
Codon sets of 3 nucleotides that code for amino acids
START Amino Acid AUG
STOP Amino Acids UAA,UAG, UGA
Protein Synthesis formation of protein from amino acids
Mutation any permanent change in an organism's DNA
Created by: user-1992551
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