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Biology Final

TermDefinition
At which stage of scientific inquiry do scientists analyze data? Scientists analyze data to find out if their hypotheses were supported.
At which stage of scientific thinking do scientists propose new experiments? Scientists are most likely to propose new experiments during the testing hypotheses stage.
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate? Anaphase.
How do enzymes affect chemical reactions? They weaken bonds in reactants.
How many amino acids are used to make proteins in the human body? 20.
What are biotic factors in an ecosystem? Biotic factors include living organisms such as deer, mushrooms, and trees.
What are DNA and RNA classified as? Nucleic acids.
What are fats, oils, and cholesterol classified as? Lipids.
What are genes located on sex chromosomes called? Sex-linked genes.
What are hair color and eye color examples of? Phenotype.
What are herbivores classified as? Herbivores are classified as primary consumers.
What are proteins composed of? Amino acids.
What are specialized structures inside a cell called? Organelles.
What are substances that promote cancer called? Carcinogens.
What are the first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand? The first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand are AUC.
What are the reactants in the chemical reaction 6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2? The reactants are 6H2O and 6CO2.
What are the specific reactants that an enzyme acts on called? Substrates.
What are two similar chromosomes inherited from parents called? They are called homologous chromosomes.
What best describes an ecosystem? An ecosystem includes all of the biotic and abiotic factors in a given area.
What best describes cancer? Uncontrolled cell growth.
What best describes cellular respiration? Carbon-based molecules from food and oxygen are used to make ATP.
What best describes meiosis? It produces haploid gametes.
What best describes passive transport? It requires no energy from the cell.
What causes the burning feeling in muscles during hard work? Lactic acid.
What characteristic is shared by all living things? All living things are made up of one or more cells.
What characterizes a hypotonic solution relative to a cell? A hypotonic solution has fewer solutes than the cell.
What describes the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2? The chromosome is made up of two chromatids.
What did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations? Different species on different islands.
What did Mendel's experiments show about trait inheritance? Mendel observed that traits are inherited separately based on his dihybrid crosses.
What did Mendel's observations conclude? Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent.
What does a prokaryotic cell lack? A nucleus.
What does a resemblance in protein sequences between organisms suggest? Shared ancestry.
What does a solution with a high concentration of H+ ions indicate? A solution with a high concentration of H+ ions shows a low pH, indicating acidity.
What does selective permeability mean? Some molecules can pass through while others cannot.
What does the cell theory state? All organisms are made of cells, and all existing cells are produced by other living cells.
What does the central dogma state about information flow? The central dogma states that information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.
What does the Punnett square in Figure 6.1 represent? It represents a monohybrid heterozygous-heterozygous cross.
What does the similarity of early embryos of different vertebrate species suggest? Recent common ancestry.
What does the term genome refer to? The genome refers to the genes that make up an organism.
What do food webs model? Networks of feeding relationships.
What do mitosis and cytokinesis produce? Two identical daughter cells.
What do offspring of homozygous red and white flower plants exhibit in incomplete dominance? Pink flowers.
What do scientists use to form and test theories? Scientists use observations and data to form and test hypotheses and theories.
What genetic material does a person receive from their father? 22 autosomes and an X or Y chromosome.
What gives water many properties important to living things? Hydrogen bonds give water many properties that are important to living things.
What happens to sex cells at fertilization? Their nuclei fuse to form one nucleus.
What increases variety among sexually reproducing organisms? Crossing over is an important factor in increasing variety among sexually reproducing organisms.
What is a chart tracing phenotypes and genotypes in a family called? A pedigree.
What is a codon? A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.
What is a compound? A compound is formed when atoms of different elements are bonded together in certain ratios.
What is adhesion? Adhesion is the attraction among molecules of different substances.
What is an adaptation? An adaptation is a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment.
What is an electron microscope best used for? An electron microscope is best used for viewing details of cell structure.
What is an example of parasitism? A leech feeding on a host's blood is an example of parasitism.
What is an important characteristic of a scientific theory? A scientific theory is supported by much evidence.
What is an organism with two different alleles at a locus called? Heterozygous.
What is apoptosis? The programmed death of cells.
What is a population in biology? A population is all the individuals of a species that live in a particular area.
What is a producer? An organism that makes its own food.
What is a reactant in photosynthesis? CO2 (carbon dioxide) is a reactant in photosynthesis.
What is a species? A group of similar organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring.
What is a vestigial structure? A vestigial structure is a remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor.
What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism.
What is human height an example of? Human height is an example of a polygenic trait.
What is osmosis? The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
What is predation? One organism capturing and eating another.
What is specific heat? The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
What is the basic unit of life? The basic unit of life is the cell.
What is the correct progression from least to most complex structure? Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System.
What is the independent variable in an experiment? The independent variable is the condition that is manipulated by a scientist.
What is the jellylike substance inside the cell membrane called? Cytoplasm.
What is the main function of tRNA? To bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
What is the selective agent in natural selection? The environment.
What is the simplest form of matter? An element is the simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down anymore.
What is true of a sex-linked recessive gene in an XY male? It is always expressed.
What is true of homologous chromosomes? They contain the same genes.
What is true of homozygous alleles? Homozygous alleles are identical forms of the same gene.
What is unique about carbon? Carbon has unique bonding properties that allow it to form stable bonds with many elements, including itself.
What model describes the cell membrane? The fluid mosaic model.
What molecule carries chemical energy for cellular functions? ATP (adenosine triphosphate) carries chemical energy that cells use for their functions.
What must an XX female have to express a recessive sex-linked trait? An XX female must have two recessive alleles to express a recessive sex-linked trait.
What must happen before a cell can enter prophase? Chromosomes must be copied before a cell can enter prophase.
What process must glucose undergo before cellular respiration? Glucose must be broken down by the process of glycolysis before cellular respiration.
What provides the basis for energy in an ecosystem? Producers.
What structure do Watson and Crick describe DNA as forming? A double helix.
What tool is used to match up chromosome pairs? A karyotype is used to match up chromosome pairs using chemical stains.
What type of relationship does a sparrow building a nest in an oak tree represent? Commensalism.
Where does DNA replication take place in humans? DNA replication takes place in the nucleus of human cells.
Which category of carbon-based molecules includes sugars and starches? Carbohydrates.
Which invention was crucial for the discovery of cells? The compound microscope.
Which molecules are most commonly broken down to make ATP? Carbohydrates are most commonly broken down to make ATP.
Which organelles are unique to plant cells? Chloroplasts are organelles unique to plant cells.
Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts? Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down old cell parts.
Which organelles supply energy to the cell? Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
Who figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA? Watson and Crick figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA.
Why are decomposers important to ecosystems? They return vital nutrients to the environment.
Why are sex-linked disorders often observed in males? Sex-linked disorders are often observed in males because the Y chromosome cannot mask alleles on the X chromosome.
Why is water necessary for your body? It prevents large changes in blood pH and dissolves and transports substances.
Why may recessive alleles not be expressed? Recessive alleles may not be expressed because they are masked by a dominant allele.
Created by: user-2020827
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