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Module 4

Bio181

QuestionAnswer
Heterochromatin Eukaryotic chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is generally not transcribed.
Histones Proteins that are responsible for the first level of DNA packaging in chromatin.
telomerse an enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells.
single-strand binding proteins binds and stabilizes single-strand DNA until it can be used as a template
Primase synthesizes an RNA primer at 5' end of leading strand of each Okazaki fragment lagging strand.
DNA pol I Removes RNA nucleotides of a primer from 5' end and replaces them w/ DNA nucleotides.
Ligase Joins 3' end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading strand and joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand.
nuclease Enzyme used to cut out a segment of the strand that is damaged, resulting in a gap that is filled w/ a nucleotide.
Helicase Helps unwind parental double helix at replication forks.
DNA pol III using parental DNA as a template, it synthesizes a new DNA strand by covalently adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the pre existing DNA/ RNA
lagging strand used to elongate a new strand of DNA in a mandatory 5 --> 3 direction, works away from the fork.
Translation synthesis of a polypeptide which occurs under the direction of mRNA. ribosomes are the site of this.
aminoacyl-tRNAsynthase enyzme that joins each amino acid to the appropriate tRNA
DNA Replication 1. Parent molecule unwinds, two new daughter cells are built based on the base-pairing rules. 2. Replication begins at the origins of replication, and proceeds in both directions until it is completely copied.
TATA box DNA sequence in eukarytic prometers crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex.
poly-Atail sequence of 50-250 adenine nucleotides added onto the 3' end of a pre-mRNA molecule
Transcription synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA, produces mRNA, occurs in the nucleus
splicesome made up of proteins and RNA molecules that splices RNA by interacting w/ends of RNA intron, releasing intron and joining the two adjacent exons
signal peptide sequence of about 20 amino acid at or near the leading end of polypeptide that targets it to the ER or other organelles.
signal-recognition particle protein-RNA complex that recognizes signal peptide as it emerges from a ribosome and helps direct it to the er by binding protein ER
purine/pyrimidine purines (A,G) pyrimidine (T,C).
ribozyme RNA molecule that fxns as an enzyme catalyzing reaction during RNA splicing
tRNA fxns as an interpretor between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons.
RNA polymerase pries two strands of DNA apart ad joins the RNA nucleotides as they base-pair along the DNA template
Primer material short stretch of RNA with a free 3' end bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand elongated w/DNA nucleotides during DNA replication.
Introns/ exons introns- noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie between coding regions exons- eventually expressed usually by being translated into amino acid sequences.
bonds in a DNA double helix hydrogen bonds A-->T G-->C
template strand DNA strand used to provide a pattern or template for the sequence of nucleotides in RNA transcript.
chromatin proteins and DNA
energy source for synthesis phosphate bonds on the nucleotide triphosphates.
replication bubble speeds up the copying of DNA molecule
Chargoff's rules states that in any species there is an equal number of A and T bases and an equal number of G and C bases.
mRNA carries genetic message from the DNA to the protein-synthesizing machienary of cell.
rRNA most abundant type of RNA used with proteins to make ribosomes
Gene expression process by which DNA directs protein synthesis. Two stages transcription and translation, the nuclear envelope seperates the two.
replication fork Y- shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound.
euchromatin the less condensed form of eukaryotic chromatin that is availible for transcription
Created by: esiekmann01
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