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Concepts1 ch 1,3,7,8
Study Guide for ECPI Concepts 1 CH. 1,3,7 & 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did nursing start off as? | Informal caregiving by family and religious groups. |
| What was nursing care based off of? | Tradition, not science |
| Florence Nightingale | - Made nursing a "respected profession" - Used statistics and research to improve care - Known for the environmental health theory - Served during the Crimean War (1854-1856) - Founder of modern nursing |
| What was Florence Nightingale's major contributions? | - Cleanliness - Fresh air - Proper nutrition - Sanitation - Infection control |
| What was Florence Nightingales nickname? | - "The lady with the lamp" |
| What did nursing education develop into? | - It shifted from hospital-based training to formal education - Became a standardized curriculum - Emphasized on science and research |
| Nursing in the U.S... | - Expanded during the Civil war and WW1 & 2 - Increased autonomy and responsibilities - Created licensing laws |
| Modern nursing focuses on... | - Evidence based practice - Advanced practice roles - Cultural competence - Technology integration |
| Clara Barton | - "Angel of the battlefield" - Founder of American Red Cross (1881) - Provided battlefield care during the Civil war - Advocate for disaster relief nursing |
| Dorothea Dix | - Advocate for the mentally ill - Improved conditions in mental health facilities - Reformed nursing during the Civil war |
| Mary Eliza Mahoney | - First BLACK professional nurse - Advocate for diversity in nursing - Improved racial inclusion in healthcare - Established the National Association of Nurses for Colored Graduates (1908) |
| Lillian Wald | - Founder of public health nursing - Established the Henry Street Settlement (1893) - Focused on underserved communities |
| Margaret Sanger | - MOST controversial figure - Advocate for birth control medication - Advanced women's reproductive health nursing |
| Lavinia Dock | - Nursing activist - Advanced nursing education - Women's rights advocate |
| Isabel Hampton Robb | - Leader in nursing education reform - Standardized nursing curriculum - Professionalized nursing schools - Helped found the ANA |
| Jean Watson | - Creator of the "theory of human caring" - Believed nursing should be about caring for the whole person,(mind, body and spirit) and not just treating disease. |
| Nursing | Caring for people using knowledge, skill, judgement and compassion |
| What does Holistic Care focus on? | Care that addresses the physical, emotional, social, cultural and spiritual needs of others. |
| Roles of a Nurse? | Caregiver, advocator (protect patients rights), educator, coordinator and communicator |
| Professional organizations of Nursing | - ANA (American Nurses Association 1911) - NLN (National League for Nursing 1893) - QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses 2005) |
| Professional Nursing... | - Requires licensure - Follows standards and ethics - Uses evidence base practice - Requires lifelong learning |
| Evidence base Practice | Uses current research, clinical expertise and patient preferences |
| What is Ethics in Nursing? | Ethics in Nursing are moral principles that help guide care |
| What are the 6 ethical principles? | - Autonomy (patient's ride to decide) - Beneficence (do good) - Nonmaleficence (do no harm) - Justice (fairness) - Fidelity (keep promises) - Veracity (tell the truth) |
| Ethical dilemma | Is when a situation has no perfect option. Nurse must use ethical reasoning. |
| Scope of practice | - What nurses are allowed to do - Specific and practical - Varied by role -Influenced by job and setting -OPERATES WITHIN LIMITS |
| Nurse Practice Act | - State law - Broad and legal - Applies to ALL nurses - Defines limits - WRITTEN AND VARIES BY STATE |
| Negligence | Failure to act as a reasonable nurse would |
| Malpractice | - Professional negligence - Requires duty, breach, harm and causation |
| Patients Rights | - Right to informed consent - Right to privacy (HIPAA) - Right to refuse treatment - Right to safe, competent care - Right to information |
| Delegation | The transferring of tasks, not responsibility. RN's are ALWAYS responsible for delegated care. |
| Health vs Wellness | Health is the state of physical, mental and social well-being, while Wellness is the active process of making healthy choices. |
| Determinants of Health | - Genetics - Lifestyle - Environment - Social and economic status - Access to healthcare |
| What is Culture? | The shared beliefs, values and behaviors of a certain demographic of people. It affects views on illness, pain, food, death and care |
| Cultural competence vs Cultural humility | Cultural competence is the ability to provide respectful, appropriate care, whereas, Cultural humility is recognizing you don't know everything (ongoing self reflection). |
| Ethnicity and Diversity | Ethnicity can influence diet, communication, health practices and the use of alternative medicine. AVOID STEREOTYPES AND ALWAYS ASSESS INDIVIDUALLY!!! |
| Spirituality vs Religion | Spirituality is personal meaning, while religion is organized practice. |
| True or false. Nurses should always respect beliefs, support spiritual practices and ask open-ended questions. | True |
| True or False. Nurses should assume cultural beliefs. | False |
| True or False. Family should be used as professional interpreters. | False |
| True or False. The nurse's responsibility is to explain the risks of of a procedure. | False |
| True or False. The nurse is only responsible for being a witness to the patient's signature. | True |
| What is HIPAA? What type of law is HIPAA under? | - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - Statutory Law |
| True or False. Child and elder abuse are reportable by law. | True |
| True or False. As a nurse, you can determine if a patient is lying about their pain levels. | False |
| What are the 5 Medication Rights? | - Right patient - Right medication - Right dose - Right route - Right time |
| What are the 5 Delegation Rights? | - Right task - Right circumstance - Right person - Right direction - Right supervision |
| Stereotypes vs Unconscious Bias | Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about a group . EX: All black people eat chicken Unconscious bias is the automatic, quick judgment of a group, formed without awareness . EX: Explaining less to certain patients without noticing |
| What is Transcultural Nursing? | - Founded by Dr. Madeleine Leininger - Focuses on studying and practicing care tailored to patients' cultural beliefs, values, and practices |
| Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) | - 9-12 months of education at a technical college - Takes the NCLEX-PN |
| Registered Nurse (RN) | - Associated degree: 2-3 years at a community college or state college Bachelors degree: 4 years at a college or university - Both take the NCLEX-RN |
| Masters of Science in Nursing (MSN) | - 2 or more years in a doctoral program at a university - May teach LPN/ADN/BSN programs - Specializes in Nurse Practitioner (NP) and Certified Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) roles |
| Doctorate in Nursing (PhD, DNP) | - 2 or more years in a doctoral program at a university - May serve as the dean of nursing for a university or the director of nursing at a large hospital - May teach MSN and Doctorate programs |
| Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation (DNAR) | - An order that means a nurse DOES NOT try to save the patients life - Nurse provides care and comfort. |
| Abandonment of patient | To desert or forsake a patient in your care |
| Advance Directive | A written statement indicating a patients wishes regarding future medical care in the event the patient becomes unable to voice their decisions |
| Assault | To purposely threaten physical harm to an individual |
| Battery | To touch an individual without consent |
| Competency | The legal qualification to make one's own decisions |
| Consent | To give permission for, or to agree to. Must be in writing. |
| Durable Medical Power of Attorney (POA) | Legal written designation making another person responsible for one's medical decisions |
| Emancipated Minor | Legal consideration of one younger than 18 as an adult because the person lives alone and is self-supporting, has joined the military, is married or is a parent. |
| Constitutional Law | Protects the constitutional rights |
| Criminal Law | Protects society as a whole |
| Civil Law | Protects an individuals personal rights, which includes most health-care issues |
| Good Samaritan Law | Provides legal protection to the voluntary caregiver at sites of accidents and emergencies. DOES NOT apply to staff in health-care facilities! |
| Incident Report | A confidential document used to record any unusual event that could harm a patient, visitor, or staff member — or cause property damage. |
| The Wellness-Illness Continuum | A scale with exceptional wellness at the top and severe illness at the bottom |
| Dunn's Theory of High-Level Wellness | Protected poor health- environment is favorable but health is not Poor health- both health and environment are NOT favorable Emergent high-level wellness- health is favorable but environment in not Wellness- both environment and health ARE f |
| Health Literacy | The ability of individuals to understand basic health information |
| Acute VS Chronic Illness | - Acute strikes suddenly and lasts for a limited time - Chronic lasts for 3 months or longer and has improving symptoms |
| Phases of Ilness | 1. Prodromal phase- a person doesn’t feel good 2. Symptomatic phase- symptoms develop 3. Seeking help phase- seeks help from medical professionals 4. Dependency phase- relies on others for treatment 5. Recovery phase- regains independence |
| Illness Risk Factors | - Physiological - Psychological - Environmental - Genetic elements |
| Fight-or-Flight response | Innate protective response where the body prepares to either stay and fight or run away |
| Coping Strategies | Actions people use to combat stress |
| Prejudice Vs Discrimination | - Prejudice is an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of race, sex, religion, etc. - Discrimination is the action of unfair treatment of one or more persons or groups |
| Linda Richards | - First trained nurse in the U.S - Developed the first nurse's notes - Established the first nursing school in Japan |
| What year was the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States formed? | 1897 |
| When was the first professional nursing school opened? (The Nightingale Training School for Nurses in London) | 1860 |
Created by:
harwis3414
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