Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Organic Molecules
first Q3 test YAAAAAAYYY :'(
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inorganic compounds | chemical compounds that typically do not contain carbon |
| Organic compounds | carbon containing compounds found in living organisms |
| Carbon | element with the atomic # 6; can form four covalent bonds with other atoms |
| Monomer | smallest subunit of a macromolecule |
| Polymer | molecule made up of repeated, linked monomers |
| Macromolecule | name given to large polymers; examples include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| Carbohydrate | group of organic molecules that includes sugars and starches; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| Monosaccharide | simple sugars that are single-chain or single-ring structures (e.g., glucose, fructose) |
| Glucose | monosaccharide that is the primary source of quick energy for our cells; makes up our blood sugar |
| Fructose | monosaccharide found in fruit |
| Disaccharide | two monosaccharides joined together |
| Sucrose | disaccharide that we commonly refer to as table sugar; composed of glucose + fructose |
| Polysaccharide | long chains of monosaccharides linked together; includes glycogen, starch, cellulose |
| Starch | the storage molecule used by plants (potatoes, grains) |
| Glycogen | the carbohydrate storage molecule used by animals; stored in the liver and muscle cells |
| ATP | high-energy molecule that serves as the major energy source for the body; produced via the breakdown of glucose |
| Protein | group of organic molecules composed of a chain of amino acids; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| Enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| Catalyst | substance that regulates and accelerates the rate of biochemical reactions, but are not used up or changed in those reactions |
| Amino Acid | monomers of a protein; composed of a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a variable R group |
| Amino group | -NH2; one of the three major parts of an amino acid |
| Carboxyl group | -COOH; one of the three major parts of an amino acid |
| R-Group | the variable portion of an amino acid |
| Dipeptide | two amino acids joined together |
| Polypeptide | ten or more amino acids joined together |
| Lipid | group of organic molecules that includes fats, steroids, waxes; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| Fatty acid | lipid composed of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached at the end; can be saturated or unsaturated |
| Saturated fat | fatty acid in which carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain make only single bonds; solid at room temperature |
| Unsaturated fat | fatty acid in which some carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain make double bonds; liquid at room temperature |
| Triglyceride | lipid composed of 3 fatty acid chains + 1 glycerol molecule |
| Phospholipid | lipid composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphorus containing group; major component of cell membranes |
| Wax | long fatty acid chain jointed to an alcohol chain; forms a protective outer covering on many plants; forms earwax |
| Steroid | lipid molecules made up of 4 interlocking carbon rings; includes testosterone, estrogen, cholesterol |
| Cholesterol | steroid lipid found in meat, eggs, cheese; cholesterol is important for cell membrane structure; serves as a raw material for making vitamin D |
| Nucleic acid | group of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA; composed of a string of nucleotides; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus |
| Nucleotide | monomer of a nucleic acid; composed of a pentose (5-carbon) sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base |
| Nitrogenous base | one of three components of a nucleotide; examples are cytosine, guanine, thymine, adenine and uracil |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | nucleic acid found in the nucleus of cells that encodes hereditary information in the form of genes |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | nucleic acid that carries out instructions for protein synthesis via interactions with ribosomes in the cytoplasm of cells |
| CHO | Carbs and Lipids |
| CHON | Proteins |
| CHONP | Nucleic Acids |
Created by:
killjoy <3
Popular Biology sets