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Cell Membrane Vocab

TermDefinition
Active Transport The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires energy (usually in the form of ATP). This allows cells to move substances against their concentration gradient
Carrier Proteins Proteins embedded in the cell membrane that bind to specific substances and change shape to transport them across the membrane.
Cell Adhesion The process by which cells bind to other cells or to the extracellular matrix (the material surrounding cells). This is essential for forming tissues and organs and for communication between cells.
Cell Recognition The ability of cells to identify and distinguish other cells, made possible by glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell membrane surface.
Cell Signaling The process by which cells receive and respond to external signals, primarily through receptor proteins on the cell membrane.
Channel Proteins Proteins that form pores or tunnels in the cell membrane, allowing certain substances to pass through.
Diffusion A form of passive transport where substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without requiring energy.
Extracellular Matrix The material that surrounds cells outside of the cell membrane, providing structural support and enabling cell communication.
Fluid Mosaic Model A description of the cell membrane as a flexible structure composed of many different kinds of macromolecules (phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) that can move and shift.
Glycolipids Lipids with attached carbohydrate chains on the outer surface of the cell membrane, involved in cell recognition.
Glycoproteins Proteins with attached carbohydrate chains on the outer surface of the cell membrane, involved in cell recognition.
Hydrophilic "Water-loving"; describes the phosphate heads of phospholipids that are attracted to water and face outward on the cell membrane.
Hydrophobic "Water-fearing"; describes the fatty acid tails of phospholipids that repel water and face inward on the cell membrane.
Integral Proteins Proteins that are completely embedded within the phospholipid bilayer, spanning its entire width.
Osmosis A form of passive transport where water molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
Passive Transport The movement of substances across the cell membrane that does not require energy. Examples include diffusion and osmosis.
Peripheral Proteins Proteins that are only partially embedded into the lipid bilayer, often attached to the surface or to integral proteins.
Phospholipid Bilayer The primary structural component of the cell membrane, made up of two layers of phospholipids arranged with their hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Plasma Membrane Another name for the cell membrane; the outer boundary of the cell that controls what enters and exits.
Receptor Proteins Proteins on the cell membrane that bind to external signaling molecules (such as hormones) and trigger cellular responses.
Selective Permeability The property of the cell membrane that allows it to control which substances can cross the membrane and which cannot.
Surface Proteins Proteins located on the outer surface of the cell membrane.
Created by: user-2016084
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