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Mutations & DNA Tech
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chromosomal mutation | type of mutation where large sections of chromosomes are rearranged usually during meiosis |
| clone | member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell |
| deletion | type of frameshift mutation in which a nucleotide is removed from the DNA sequence |
| DNA fingerprinting | tool used by biologists that analyzes an individual’s unique collection of DNA restriction fragments; used to determine whether two samples of genetic material are from the same person |
| frameshift mutation | mutation that shifts the “reading frame” of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide |
| gene mutation | type of mutation that affects a single gene and usually happens during replication |
| gel electrophoresis | procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel |
| gene duplication | type of mutation that occurs when there is an unequal crossing over event during meiosis causing a gene to appear twice |
| gene therapy | process of changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder. An absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal working gene |
| genetic engineering | deliberate manipulation of an organism's DNA using laboratory techniques to alter, add, or remove specific genes causing a change in the organism's traits or characteristics |
| genome | entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA |
| insertion | type of frameshift mutation in which a nucleotide is added to the DNA sequence |
| mutation | change in the genetic material of a cell |
| plasmid | small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | the technique used by biologists to make many copies of a particular gene |
| recombinant DNA | DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources |
| restriction enzyme | enzyme that cuts DNA at a sequence of nucleotides |
| substitution (AKA point mutation) | type of gene mutation where one nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide; can result in a silent, nonsense, or missense mutation |
| Translocation | chromosomal mutation that occurs when a piece of one chromosome breaks off attaches to another (non-homologous) chromosome. |
Created by:
sheilamonroe
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