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Bio Concept 3 Notes
Population Ecology Notes for 1/29 Biology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a population? | a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place |
| What does population density measure? | the number of individual organisms living in a defined place |
| What are the 4 factors that affect population density? | 1. birth (natality) 2. immigration 3. death (mortality) 4. emigration |
| What 2 factors contribute to high population density? | birth and immigration |
| What 2 factors contribute to low population density? | death and emigration |
| What is a survivorship curve? | a graphic representation of mortality patterns that shows the number of individuals in a population that can be expected to survive to any specific age |
| What are the 3 types of survivorship curves? Give an example of each type. | 1. type I: late loss; heavy parental care (ex: humans) 2. type II: constant loss; mortality unaffected by age (ex: some birds, rodents) 3. type III: early loss; produce lots of offspring at once and many die right away (ex: fish, mosquitoes) |
| What is on the x and y axis of a survivorship curve? | y: survivorship x: age |
| Describe what each of the 3 survivorship curves look like. | type I: starts high on y-axis and remains flat, then drops rapidly at end type II: straight downward sloping diagonal line type III: starts with steep, rapid decline at y-axis and then flattens out at the end |
| What is dispersion? | the spatial distribution of organisms in a population |
| What are the 3 types of dispersion? | 1. random 2. uniform/even 3. clumped |
| What are the two types of population growth? | 1. exponential 2. logistic |
| What is exponential population growth? Give an example. | population grows without limit. ex: human population |
| What is logistic population growth? Give an example. | population grows quickly at first and then levels off. ex: most natural populations (fish, rabbits, trees, etc.) |
| What does an exponential population growth curve look like? | J-shaped curve |
| What does a logistic population growth curve look like? | S-shaped curve |
| What is the carrying capacity? | the theoretical maximum population that a given environment could support |
| What type of population growth does carrying capacity affect? | logistic |
| What does carrying capacity look like on a logistic growth curve? | a dashed straight line where the logistic curve flattens out at |
| What are population growth limiting factors? | aspects of the environment that limit the size a population can reach |
| What is the difference between biotic and abiotic limiting factors? | biotic (living) abiotic (nonliving) |
| What are density-dependent limiting factors? | limiting factors that have a bigger impact on more dense populations |
| What can trigger density-dependent limiting factors? | an increase in population size/crowding |
| What are examples of density-dependent limiting factors? | competition, predation, parasitism, disease |
| What are density-independent limiting factors? | limiting factors that regulate population growth regardless of its size or density |
| Nearly all species in an ecosystem are affected equally by what type of limiting factors? | density-independent |
| What are examples of density-independent limiting factors? | weather changes, pollution, natural disasters |
Created by:
miayablasingame
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