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Chapter 12 Senses
A/P 2 study
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Proprioceptors | provide info about body position. Like the bodys GPS. ex: muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs. |
| 5 type of receptors | Chemoreceptors, pain receptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and photoreceptors. |
| Chemoreceptors | detect chemical changes, associated with sense of smell and taste. In organs, detect changes in blood concentration of oxygen, glucose, other chemicals. |
| Pain Receptors (nociceptors) | respond to tissue damage. triggers include exposure to excess mechanical, electrical, thermal, or chemical energy. |
| Thermoreceptors | sense temp changes |
| mechanoreceptors | detect mechanical forces, such as touch or balance of vibrations in ear. |
| Photoreceptors | found in the eyes, respond to light, enabling vision. |
| Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting changes in blood pressure? | Baroreceptors |
| Baroreceptors | a mechanoreceptor. detects changes in blood pressure in certain blood vessels. |
| Which receptors are associated with the senses of smell and taste? | Chemoreceptors |
| What happens when a sensory receptor that is a neuron reaches its threshold? | an action potential is generated and propagated along the afferent fiber. |
| How does the brain perceive the sensation of pain from stepping on a tack? | the brain interprets the sensory impulses, realizing it as the perceptions of stepping on a tack. |
| What is the term for the brain's ability to ignore unimportant stimuli? | sensory adaptation |
| What do all receptors have in common? | each receptor is most responsive to a type of stimulus, and less responsive to other stimulis. |
| How is sensation different than perceptions? | sensation is the brain becoming aware of a stimulus, like feeling heat. Perception is interpreting that sensation, such as realizing your hand is on a hot stove. |
| What is sensory adaptation? | the ability of the nervous system to respond less to a continuous stimuli. |
| General Senses | skin, muscles, joints, and viscera. Divided into three senses groups: Exteroreceptive, Interoceptive, and Proprioceptive. |
| Exteroreceptive | associated with changes in body surface. sense of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. |
| Interoceptive | Detecting changes in the viscera(blood pressure stretching blood vessels); visceroreceptive sense. |
| Proprioceptive | Sense that detects changes in muscle and tendons and body positions. |
| Which type of sense is associated with changes at the body surface? | Exteroreceptive senses. |
| What type of receptors are responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibrations? | lamellated corpuscle |
| free nerve endings | Simple receptors found in epithelial tissues. ex: itching, ends of dendrites branch. |
| tactile (Meissner's) corpuscle | Sensory receptor close to the surface of the skin that is sensitive to light touch. abundant in hairless areas of skin. lips, fingertips, palms, soles, nipples. |
| lamellated (Pacinain) corpuscle | Sensory receptor deep in the dermis providing perception of pressure; detect deep vibrations of tissue. |
| Which receptors are involved in detecting changes in muscle tension? | golgi tendon organs |
| What type of sensation do free nerve endings primarily provide? | itching |
| The classification of sensory receptors as photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, etc is based on what characteristics of the receptor? | stimulus type that causes a response |
| what is the immediate response of stimulating a receptor? | The receptors membrane potential changes |
| Which of the following receptors does not trigger a sensation? | receptors that measure oxygen levels in the blood |
| The ability of the nervous system to become less responsive to a maintained stimulus is called sensory | adaptation |
| Where are sensory receptors for the general senses found? | throughout the body |
| Choose all true statements about the sensory receptors responsible for the general senses. | They are found throughout the skin. They are widespread in the body. They are associated with the viscera. |
| Choose two types of receptors that sense touch and pressure. | free nerve endings lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles |
| for all receptors, stimulation of a receptor results in a change in | membrane potential |
| two types of thermoreceptors | warm, cold |
| The interpretation by the brain of incoming sensory impulses is called | perception |
| Special senses include: | smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium and sight |
| structurally, thermoreceptors are | free nerve endings |
| the choroid coat, the ciliary body, and the iris are all parts of the __ tunic of the eyeball | vascular (middle) |
| visual receptors cells are located in the __. | retina |
| five major groups of neurons in the retina are the: | photoreceptors, bipolar nuerons, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and the amacrine cells. |
| The degeneration or failure of hearing neural pathways to the brain with aging is called _____________ , condition of hearing a ringing or roaring in the ears is called _________________. | presbycusis ; tinnitus |
| which type of sensory receptors are abundant in cornea? | pain receptors and cold receptors |
| the retina is continous with the __ nerve in the back of the eye. it extend forward linign the inner surface of the eyeball, ending at the __ body. | optic ; ciliary |
| groups of cells in the retina provide a direct pathway for impulses triggered at the photoreceptos to the optic nerve? | photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, ganglion cells |
| as a person ages, they usually have more difficulting hearing __ | high pitches |
| __ forms the inner or nervous tunic of the eye it contains photoreceptors | retina |
| semitransparent membrane at the end of the external meatus. | the tympanic membrane |
| structure: Fovea Centralis, Function: | retinal area producing sharpest vision |
| structure: Optic Disk, Function: | point of exit for axons of retinal cells |
| structure: Choroid Coat, Function: | pigments to absorb light, provides blood supply |
| Structure: scleral venous sinus, Function: | site of drainage of aqueous humor |
| structure: ciliary body, function: | regulates thickness of lens |
| 1. Aqueous humor is produced by tissue of the ___ , secreting the fluid into the __ chamber of the eye. | ciliary body ; posterior |
| 2. From there, the fluid moves through the ___ into the ___ chamber, behind the cornea. | pupil ; anterior |
| 3. The aqueous humor drains out of the eye by way of the ___ . This drainage prevents the buildup of fluid within the eye. | scleral venous sinus |
| stretch receptors and baroreceptors are examples of what type of receptor | mechanoreceptor |
| what is meant by the term referred pain? | ... |
| The organs for taste receptors are called__ , most of which are found associated with _____ | taste buds ; papillae |
Created by:
amy.still
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