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Nursing Exam #1

QuestionAnswer
Which statement best defines nursing according to professional standards? Nursing focuses on promoting health, preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability and death across all dimensions of care.
Which dimension of care is the nurse responsible for? Physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions.
Which characteristic distinguishes nursing as a profession rather than an occupation? A well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge.
Which organization establishes standards and the Code of Ethics for nursing practice? American Nurses Association (ANA)
A nurse using patient safety, teamwork, and evidence-based practice is applying which framework? QSEN competencies.
Which QSEN competency focuses on respecting patient preferences and values? Patient-centered care.
Which nursing education pathway allows the fastest entry into nursing practice? Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN).
Diploma nursing programs are typically based in which setting? Hospital-based programs.
Which nursing degree is required for advanced practice roles? Master’s or Doctoral degree.
Who determines required continuing education (CEUs) for nurses? Individual state regulatory boards.
Which organization defines the nursing process (ADPIE)? American Nurses Association (ANA).
What is the correct order of the nursing process? Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
Which values are considered professional nursing values? Altruism, autonomy, integrity, human dignity, and social justice.
Which entity defines the legal scope of nursing practice within a state? State Board of Nursing.
Which organization accredits nursing education programs? National League for Nursing (NLN).
Nursing research begins with which step? Identification of a problem or question.
Which nurse is associated with environmental observation and data tracking? Florence Nightingale.
The “Novice to Expert” theory was developed by which nurse theorist? Patricia Benner.
Which concept must always remain the priority in nursing research? The patient.
Which type of research focuses on numerical data and measurable variables? Quantitative research.
Interviews and narratives are characteristics of which research method? Qualitative research.
Research designed to directly improve clinical practice is known as what type? Applied research.
Which research design is most commonly used in clinical nursing settings? Quasi-experimental research.
What is the primary purpose of evidence-based practice (EBP)? To make clinical decisions using the best available evidence combined with clinical expertise and patient preferences.
What does the “C” in PICOT stand for? Comparison
Quality improvement is best described as what? Evidence-based practice in action.
What is pharmacodynamics? What the drug does to the body.
What is pharmacokinetics? What the body does to the drug as it moves through the body (ADME).
What does ADME stand for? Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
What is the greatest barrier to medication movement in the body? Crossing cell membranes.
Which pharmacokinetic phase refers to the route and site of drug administration? Absorption.
Which route of administration has the fastest absorption? Intravenous (IV).
Which route of administration takes the longest to absorb? Oral.
What does distribution describe in pharmacokinetics? The transport of a drug through body fluids via the circulatory system.
Why is plasma protein binding important in drug distribution? Drugs compete for binding sites, affecting drug availability and toxicity.
What happens when a drug is displaced from plasma protein binding sites? It remains in the bloodstream longer and increases the risk for adverse effects.
What lab value should the nurse monitor when administering highly protein-bound drugs? Albumin levels.
Which two barriers most significantly affect medication distribution? Blood–brain barrier and placental barrier.
Where does drug metabolism primarily occur? The liver.
What is the first-pass effect? Oral drugs are metabolized in the GI tract or liver before reaching systemic circulation.
Which route of administration is affected by the first-pass effect? Oral medications only.
Why do patients with liver disease often require lower medication doses? Reduced metabolism increases the risk for drug toxicity.
Which populations are at higher risk for medication toxicity due to metabolism issues? Infants, older adults, and patients with liver disease.
Where does drug excretion primarily occur? The kidneys.
Why must patients with renal failure be closely monitored when receiving medications? Reduced excretion causes drugs to remain in the body longer, increasing toxicity risk.
What is the therapeutic range of a medication? The blood concentration level that is effective without being toxic.
What does medication onset describe? The time it takes for a drug to produce a therapeutic effect.
What does peak describe in medication administration? The highest plasma concentration and maximum therapeutic effect.
What is a drug’s half-life? The time required for the plasma drug concentration to decrease by half.
A drug given at 8:00 AM has a half-life of 4 hours. When will half of the drug remain? 12:00 PM (noon).
What is a loading dose? A higher initial dose given to rapidly achieve therapeutic levels.
When is a loading dose most commonly used? Emergency situations.
What is a maintenance dose? The minimum dose needed to keep the drug within the therapeutic range.
What does drug potency describe? The amount of drug needed to produce a therapeutic effect.
Which drug characteristic refers to the maximum effect a drug can produce? Efficacy.
Which is more important to nurses: potency or efficacy? Efficacy.
Created by: ash13yhughes
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