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Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Glucocorticoid | Suppresses inflammation |
| Mast cell stabilizer | Inhibits release of histamines |
| Mucolytic | loosens mucus |
| Antibiotic | fights or prevents bacterial infection |
| Antihistamine | blocks the effects of histamines with produce symptoms |
| Antitussive | suppresses a cough |
| Beta-Adrenergic Agonist | dilates the bronchi |
| Bronchodilator | relaxes muscle spasms in the bronchial tube |
| Decongestant | reduces congestion |
| Expectorant | produces thinner mucus |
| Thoracentesis | Surgical puncture into chest wall to aspire fluid from the pleural sac |
| Tracheostomy | Surgical opening in the trachea to allow patient to breath easier |
| Ventilator | Machine that delivers artificial respiration for a patient unable to breath |
| Aerosol Therapy | Inhaled medication; mist delivered by a nebulizer while the patient breathes |
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) | Machine that delivers mild air pressure to keep the airways open. Used for sleep apnea |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) | Emergency lifesaving treatment given to someone not breathing or heart has stopped |
| Sweat Test | Aids in diagnosing cystic fibrosis (CF) by measuring the amount of sodium present in sweat |
| Tuberculin (TB) Skin Test | Injection of a TB-purified protein derivative (PPD) under the skin to determine whether or not the person has been exposed to TB |
| Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) | Assess level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood |
| Polysomnography | Monitoring a patient during sleep to aid in diagnosing sleeping disorders |
| Pulmonary Function Test | Tests performed to measure airflow in the lungs |
| Pulmonary Embolism (PE) | blood clot in the lung |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | Contagious bacterial infection in the lungs with scarring & abscesses. Spread through coughing can cause complications with other body systems |
| Pneumothorax | Air in lung |
| Hemothorax | Blood in Lung |
| Hemopheumothorax | Air and blood in lung |
| Influenza | Acute, contagious viral respiratory infection. S/S include fever, chills, headache, cough, myalgia, and sore throat |
| Pneumonia | Inflammation in the lungs due to infection or irritant |
| Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | Inherited disease that causes chronic respiratory infections with excessive mucus in the lungs, sweating, and impairment of the digestive system |
| Common Cold | Inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes (can also be called nasopharyngitis or rhinopharyngitis) |
| Croup | Childhood viral infection characterized by “barking” cough |
| Asthma | Often caused by an allergen causes swelling of the airways and spasm of the bronchial tubes characterized by wheezing and dyspnea |
| Aspiration | Drawing in of a foreign object during inhalation through, nose, throat, or lungs |
| Sputum | Mucus coughed up from the respiratory system |
| Sleep Apnea | Periods of cessation of breathing during sleep |
| Pleural effusion | Leakage of fluid into the pleural cavity |
| Cheyne-Stokes Respiration | unusual breathing pattern alternating periods of apnea then progressively faster respirations. Often called the “death rattle” as it is seen in dying patients. |
| Hyperventilation | condition in which breathing is faster than normal. Can be caused by stress/anxiety. |
| Orthopnea | breathing is easier when sitting up straight (because the person has dyspnea when lying flat). Often caused by CHF. |
| Rales/Crackles | crackling sound heard during auscultation of the lungs. Indicates presences of fluid/mucus in the airway. |
| Rhonchi | coarse rattle, snore, or gurgling, wheezing sound heard over the bronchi during lung auscultation. Usually clears after coughing. |
| Stridor | high-pitched, crowing sound during respiration that indicates airway obstruction including foreign body. |
| Wheeze | whistling musical sound that occurs from inflamed airways of the bronchial tree that are common in asthma. |
| Adult Breathing Rate | 12-20 |
| Children Breathing Rate | 16-25 |
| Infant Breathing Rate | 30-50 |
| Inspiration | Inhalation/breathing in |
| Expiration | Exhalation/breathing out |
| Respiration | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Ventilation | process of moving air in and out of the lungs (a breath in and a breath out) |
| Mouth/nose | air enters the body (warms and filters the air) |
| Pharynx | throat (only structure that takes in air, food, and liquid) |
| Larynx | voice box |
| Trachea | windpipe (delivers air to bronchi) |
| Epiglottis | leaf-like structure that covers larynx to keep food from entering the trachea |
| Pathway of Air | Nose/Mouth --> Nasal Cavities --> Pharynx --> Larynx --> Trachea --> Bronchi --> Lungs --> Bronchioles -> alveoli --> blood |
| Functions | Provide body with oxygen & eliminate carbon dioxide (exchange of O2 & CO2) Breathing in fresh air/exhaling out old air Pass air over vocal cords to produce sound |
| External respiration | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere(outside air) and the alveoli. |
| Internal respiration | gas exchange at the cellular and tissue level. Oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body by the bloodstream. |
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yipee:)
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