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Genetics (HBioUnit4)

QuestionAnswer
phenotype physical appearance of an organism
genotype genetic make-up of an organism
dominant allele is expressed if the organism inherits one copy of the allele
recessive allele is expressed only if the organism inherits two copies of the allele
homozygous alleles are the same
heterozygous alleles are different
heredity passing of traits from parents to offspring
gene a specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein
locus the location of a gene on a chromosome
allele alternative form of a gene; different nucleotide sequence but codes for the same protein
How many chromosomes are located in a human somatic cell? 46
What is the name of a sex cell in humans? gamete (sperm and egg)
Autosome A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
What is a karyotype? A display of an individual's chromosomes in order of size
Haploid Half the usual number of copies of each chromosome, based on a somatic cell of the species
Diploid Two copies of each chromosome
What are the two forms of cell division in eukaryotes (ex: humans) called? Mitosis and meiosis
What is meiosis? nuclear division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
What is cytokinesis? Division of the cytoplasm
Chromatid One half of a chromosome
Somatic Any body cell except for reproductive cells.
Sister chromatid chromatids that are identical
Sex chromosome A chromosome that determines biological sex. In humans, X and Y.
What is the result of meiosis in humans? The production of 4 gametes (sperm or egg)
How many cell divisions are there in meiosis? 2 cell divisions (stage I and stage II)
When is a zygote formed? During fertilization between male and female gametes (not during meiosis)
What type of cell does meiosis occur in? Eukaryote
How many chromosomes does a haploid (n) have as compared to a diploid (2n)? Haploids have 1/2 the number of chromosomes as the diploid body cells.
Homologous chromosomes (XX) will separate during which stage of meiosis? anaphase I
Which process creates 4 viable (good) gametes? Spermatogenesis - male
Which process creates only 1 viable (good) gamete? Oogenesis (the other 3 are "polar bodies" that are not viable)
At which stage of meiosis do chromatids separate? Anaphase II
What is crossing over? Sharing of genetic material during synapsis - prophase I
At what phase would nondisjunction take place? Anaphase I (chromosomes) or Anaphase II (chromatids) - either too many or not enough after separation
What stage of meiosis is critical to genetic diversity in a population? Prophase I
What is synapsis? The pairing of two homologous chromosomes during Prophase I
What is the result of crossing over? A "recombination" of genes after prophase I
What is independent assortment? The random chance that a homologous chromosome will move to either side during anaphase of meiosis.
A sperm cell has 30 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the somatic cells of the same organism? 60
Created by: onceamustang
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