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cardio drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What administration considerations apply to captopril? | available for oral use only Must be taken two to three times daily for hypertension; three times daily for heart failure Give captopril 1 hr before meals for adequate absorption |
| What administration considerations apply to losartan? | ARBs are available for oral administration only Losartan is also available in combination with the thiazine diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide (Hyzaar) May be taken with or without food Beginning dose is decreased for clients taking diuretics or with liver |
| What administration considerations apply to spironolactone? | Available for oral use only Give alone or combined with other antihypertensive drugs Maximum effect of eplerenone may take up to 4 weeks |
| What administration considerations apply to aliskiren? | Available in oral form only High fat-meals decrease absorption Give at a consistent time daily before eating Expect 2 weeks before full effect is seen Monitor for hypotension at beginning of therapy and after any dose increase |
| What administration considerations apply to nifedipine? | Available for oral use in capsules and sustained-release tablets; sustained release form is approved to treat hypertension Sustained-release form must be swallowed whole and not chewed or crushed To prevent reflex tachycardia, nifedipine may be combined |
| What administration considerations apply to doxazosin? | Available in oral form only Give at bedtime – especially first dose; subsequent doses individualized based on orthostatic blood pressure changes |
| What administration considerations apply to atenolol and metoprolol? | Atenolol and metoprolol are available for oral or IV use Give IV initially and then orally for acute myocardial infarction Give orally for hypertension Atenolol is available in a tablet which may be crushed or swallowed Metoprolol is available as an i |
| What administration considerations apply to reserpine? | Available for oral use only Administer with food or milk to prevent GI symptoms |
| What administration considerations apply to clonidine? | Available orally or as transdermal patch to treat hypertension Give oral dose at bedtime to prevent daytime sedation Begin oral dosage low and gradually increase to prevent severe hypotension Apply transdermal patch to a dry, relatively hairless area o |
| What administration considerations apply to carvedilol? | Available for oral use only Give with food to minimize orthostatic hypotension |
| What administration considerations apply to hydralazine? | Available in oral, IM, or IV forms Give oral dose with food to enhance effectiveness Oral dosage usually begins low and is gradually increased Administer IV form undiluted; do not add to other solutions |
| What administration considerations apply to hydrochlorothiazide? | Available orally alone and in fixed-dose combination with multiple other drugs, such as potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers and other antihypertensive drugs Chlorothiazide is available in IV form Give with food to minimize G |
| What administration considerations apply to furosemide? | Available for oral, IM, or IV use Give oral form with food to prevent GI symptoms If prescribed more than once daily, give second dose by early afternoon to prevent nocturia and sleep loss Give IV form undiluted; administer slowly to prevent ototoxicit |
| What administration considerations apply to digoxin? | Available as oral tablets, capsules, and elixir, as well as for IV use Give oral form with or without food Tablets may be crushed and mixed with food if necessary IV form may be administered directly over at least 5 min; monitor site carefully for infi |
| What administration considerations apply to dobutamine? | Available for IV infusion only Dose based on client’s weight and titrated based on continuous monitoring of vital signs, ECG, urine output, and (if available) cardiac output and pulmonary wedge pressures Peak effect obtained about 10 minutes after infus |
| What administration considerations apply to milrinone? | Available for IV infusion only Give a loading dose over 10 minutes and then administer a dose based on client’s weight by continuous infusion Some solution incompatibilities exist; use dedicated IV line if possible |
| What administration considerations apply to atorvastatin? | Available orally only For greatest effectiveness, take in the evening with or without food (take one statin, lovastatin [Mevacor], with food for better absorption) |
| What administration considerations apply to gemfibrozil? | Available oral use only Usually taken twice daily, 30 minutes before breakfast and evening meals Monitor periodic LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels for improvement |
| What administration considerations apply to nitroglycerin and isosorbide? | Nitroglycerin available as sublingual tablets, sustained-release capsules or tablets, a translingual spray or transmucosal tablets, transdermal ointment or patch, and IV form Two types of isosorbide are available isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) available |
| What administration considerations apply to quinidine and procainamide? | Available in oral, IM and IV forms IM administration is painful and has poor absorption Oral dosing is preferred – Give oral dose 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals for best absorption; give with food if GI symptoms occur Do not crush or chew extended-rel |
| What administration considerations apply to lidocaine? | Available for IV infusion (IV preferred for dysrhythmias; local administration for anesthesia only) IM administration is for emergency use only Add 2 g lidocaine to 250 or 500 mL D5W and infuse at 1 to 4 mg/minute (per prescription) using an IV pump |
| What administration considerations apply to flecainide and propafenone? | Available for oral use only Begin with low dose and increase gradually no more frequently than every 4 days until maximum or desired dose has been reached |
| What administration considerations apply to propranolol? | Available for oral or IV use Use the IV route to treat life-threatening dysrhythmias Take either with or without food at consistent times during the day to minimize adverse effects Take client’s BP and pulse before administering propranolol; withhold d |
| What administration considerations apply to amiodarone? | Available for oral and IV use Give oral amiodarone with or without food, but at consistent times during the day Infuse IV dose through central line catheter to prevent thrombophlebitis of peripheral IV sites Begin oral dosing with hospitalized client |
| What administration considerations apply to verapamil? | Available for oral or IV use Give oral dose with food to prevent GI upset IV form: give dose using recommended dilution over 2 to 3 minutes; monitor cardiac rhythm and vital signs continuously |
Created by:
MARIE29
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