Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NURS 206 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percentage of mental illness start by the age of 14? | 50% |
| What percentage of mental illness start by the age of 24? | 75% |
| Many mental illnesses begin with what? | low level anxiety |
| What percentage of people with anxiety disorder eventually develop additional psychiatric disorders | 90% |
| Does the hypothalamus stimulate the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system? | Sympathetic |
| What releases NE and E? | sympathetic innervation of the adrenal medulla |
| HPA axis? | Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis |
| When a stressor occurs in the HPA axis, what occurs? | Hypothalamus releases corticotropin releasing factor, pituitary releases ACTH corticotropin in the bloodstream, Adrenal releases blucocorticoids into blood stream |
| What are the three ways our body tries to stop neuron cell firing? | by a three lock molecule: endorphine sedative hormones (natural body tranqs), benzos (natural body tranqs), GABA (natural body tranqs |
| What does stress increases? | cortisol and adrenaline |
| What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) related to a gastric ulcer? | weight loss, burning left epigastric area, food frequently aggravates pain |
| What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) related to a duodenal ulcer? | epigastric pain, burning, cramping mid epigastric pain, pain 2-4 hours after meals, eating decreases pain, weight gain, nausea and vomiting |
| What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) related to a viral stress or drug induced? | Asymptopmatic |
| Mononucleosis AKA Mono is transmitted via? | saliva, mucous, tears |
| Mono is most common in what age group? | 15-24 years old |
| What causes mono? | epstein Barr virus |
| What are the symptoms of Mono? | headache, chills, swollen lymph glands, pain in RUG with liver involvement, fatigue, decreased energy, fever 101-104, sore throat, pain mid epigastric and LUQ with spleen enlargement, loss of appetite, body aches |
| What is the treatment of MONO? | rest, throat soothing measures, acetaminophen/ibuprofen, low gradual increase in activity(resume normal activity in 4-6 weeks) |
| Increased autonomic activity related to anxiety can lead to? | increase in blood pressure, increase in heart rate, erratic respiration rate, decreased salivary flow leading to dry mouth and throat, gastrointestinal disturbances |
| Is level one anxiety a good thing or bad thing? | Good |
| What are the physiological results of mild anxiety? | sharpened senses |
| what are the emotional response from mild anxiety? | alert |
| What are the cognitive response from mild anxiety? | increased perceptual field |
| What are the physiological response from level II moderate anxiety? | jumpy, fatigue, sleep difficulties, heartburn, and belching, muscular tension, sweaty palms and flushing face, dryness of mouth, frog in throat, and frequent sighing |
| What are the emotional response associated with level II moderate anxiety? | nervous irritable, loneliness |
| What are the cognitive responses associated with level II moderate anxiety? | ruminating, worrying, perceptual field decreases to immediate task, decreased problem solving ability |
| What are the physiological responses associated with level III severe anxiety? | tachycardia, chest pain, palpitations, hyperventilation, fainting, dizziness, blurred vision, trembling, diarrhea, nausea, insomnia, headaches, frequent urination |
| What emotional responses are associated with level III severe anxiety? | irritable, angry, crying, withdrawal, clinging, critical of self and others, decreased self esteem, inadequacy, powerlessness, insecurity |
| What are the cognitive responses associated with level III severe anxiety? | preoccupied, distractable, inattentive, perceptual field diminishes to one specific detail in self or environment, difficulty completing a task |
| What physiological responses occur with LEVEL IV panic | same as severe anxiety, aimless running and shouting or inability to move or speak |
| What emotional responses occur with Level IV panic | free floating anxiety, always present sense of dread, fears death, terror, eeriness and unreal |
| What are the cognitive responses to Level IV panic? | delusions, hallucinations, poor reality |
| What are the symptoms of anxiety in younger children? | bedwetting, compulsive crying, hair pulling, nightmares, uncharacteristically dependent or demanding |
| What are the symptoms of anxiety in older children? | excessive tv watching, overeating, difficulty concentrating, chronic sleepiness or insomnia, vague physical complaints such as headaches, stomachaches unrelated to any illness |
| What kind of affect does sugar do to anxiety? | decreases it |
| How does crying decrease anxiety? | tears release ACTH which will decrease cortisol resulting in improved depression |
| What are symptoms of respiratory alkalosis? | seizures, deep rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decrease in normal BP, hypokalemia, numbness/tingling of extremities, lethargy, confusion, light headedness, fainting, nausea, vomiting |
| respiratory alkalosis is caused by what? | hyperventilation can be caused by fear or anxiety |
| What can be used to treat respiratory alkalosis related to anxiety? | breathing in a paper bag |
| What did Max Hamilton create? | a scale to help classify anxiety behaviors (0-none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) |
| Endogenous? | genetic |
| What are the characteristics of endogenous (genetic) panic attacks? | elevated resting pulse rate, spontaneous anxiety attacks lasting a few minutes or hours, coexisting depression disorder with a 50-65% suicide potential, agoraphobia |
| agoraphobia | is a fear of being in places where help might not be available. It usually involves fear of crowds, bridges, or of being outside alone |
| What are characteristics of generalized exogenous anxiety disorder? | normal resting pulse rate, excessive anxiety experienced 6 months or longer, coexisting depressive disorder is common |
| What is the precipitant for endogenous panic disorder? | not related to environment, can be precipitated by sodium, lactate infusion, or carbon dioxide inhalation |
| what is the precipitant of exogenous generalized anxiety disorder | identifiable environmental stimuli (financial difficulty, academics) |
| What is the history of endogenous panic disorders? | age at onset is usually late adolescence through mid 30s. Twice as common in females without agoraphobia, and three times as common in females with agoraphobia. Lifetime prevalence rate is 1.5-3.5% |
| What is the history of exogenous generalized anxiety disorder? | for over 50%, onset in childhood or adolescence. 2/3 are female. Lie time prevalence 5% |
| What is the genetics behind the endogenous panic disorder | family history of anxeity attacks, and phobia symptoms especially among female relative. Genetic predisposition may be precipitated by hyperthyroidism or traumatic event |
| What is the genetics behind exogenous generalized anxiety disorder | positive fam history rare |
| What is the treatment for endogenous panic disorder? | antianxiety meds for 6-12 months followed with a slow withdrawal, stress management, psychological therapy, antidepressants, behavior modification for agoraphobia, education, monitor for cardiovascular risk factors |
| What is the treatment for exogenous generalized anxiety disorder? | stress management, antianxiety meds, psychotherapy, antidepressants |
| Why do people with panic disorders experience increased mortality rate from cardiovascular disease? | panic attacks acc. heart rate, occasionally have arrhythmias, elevated cholesterol due to stress, high blood pressure, increased rate of drinking, increased smoking, tendency to be over weight due to excessive eating |
| What is the etiology of panic disorders? | locus ceruleus over stimulation, GABA system dysregulation |
| What are the somatic symptoms associated with panic disorders? | GI symptoms, headache, chest pain, dizziness, fatigue |
| What does the hypothalamus regulate? | sleep wake pattern |
| what does the amygdala regulate? | emotions, can cause irritability |
| what does the hippocampus and parahippocampal area? | memory |
| what does the basal gangia do? | anxiety |
| what does the cingulate gyrus regulate? | motivation, adaptability, addictive behavior, constant worrying |
| What does the thalamus do? | process info |
| Excessive secretion of neurotranmitter NE maybe a factor in ____________? | anxiety disorders |
| Abnormal serotonin functioning, and glucose metabolism may also play in a role in what? | anxiety disorders |
| What are the normal functions of basal ganglia? | sets anxiety level, integrates emotions and thoughts, integrates emotions and movement, enhances motivation |
| What happens when there is hyperactivity of the basal ganglia | anxiety, panic attacks, headaches, physical sensations of anxiety, negative thinking, muscle tension and soreness, tremors, low or excessive motivation |
| What are the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorders GAD? | WAT - worry, anxiety, tension (excessive cognitive anxiety, high somatic presentation, persistent worry, continuous not episodic, commonly on edge, easily tired, restless, poor reg sleep, irritable, muscle tension) |
| what are the symptoms of hypoglycemia? | anxious, sweaty, hungry, confused, blurred vision/double vision, shaky, irritable, cool clammy skin |
| What does a person need if hypoglycemic? | need to increase blood sugar |
| What can cause hypoglycemia? | insufficient food, excess exercise, excess insulin |
| What is the onset of hypoglycemia? | rapid onset 1-3 hours |
| What does low level stress do to vit c and b complex? | deplete them |
| What should be provided to a pt in panic? | direction and guidance |
| What anxiety level maximizes problem solving? | mild anxiety |
| What should be provided when a pt has severe anxiety? | structured activities and large muscle activities |
| What is caffeine's half life? | 4 hours in young adults and 8 hours in old people |
| what is the number one reason for anxiety in old people? | coffee |
| Why is nursing stressful? | cannot predict when stress will occur, are unable to control stressor |
| chronic stress can influence health by? | decreasing immunological response, damaging the cardiovascular system, reducing dopamine in the reward center of the brain, leading to less pleasure, shortening telomeres on the ends of chromosomes, destroying brain cells in hippocampus, abdominal obesity |
| What are stress reducers? | exercise, sleeping 8 hrs a day, low environmental noise for adults and load environmental noise for kids, ability to manage time, anger management, diary |
| What is a common factor of coronary disease? | chronic anger |
| What factors are associated with coronary disease? | potential for hostility, angry more than 1X a week, anger expressed outward, irritability at waiting in lines, competitiveness, explosive voice modulations |
Created by:
lydia.koo
Popular Biology sets