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Geology 100A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Study of Earth's Atmosphere is? | Meteorology |
| A well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains scientific observations | A Theory |
| _________ Explain's how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles | Nebular Hypothesis |
| Refers to the sum total of all life on Earth | Biosphere |
| The composition of the core is made of.. | Solid Iron-Nickel Alloy |
| The Asthenosphere is actually a part of the.. | Mantle |
| Liquid, Metallic Region in the Earth's Interior | Outer Core |
| Forms relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonic's | Lithosphere |
| What energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates? | Export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere |
| Active mountain belts are most likely to be found.. | along the margins of continents |
| Flat, expansive regions on a continent, composed of deformed crystalline rock | shields |
| The continental shelf is located | landward of the continental slope |
| Most prominent feature on the ocean floor | oceanic ridges |
| What is the source of the energy that powers the Earth system? | The Sun and Heat from the Earth's Interior |
| Internally, the Earth consists of spherical shells with different compositions and densities (T/F) | TRUE |
| The asthenosphere is a relatively cool and rigid shell that overlies the lithosphere (T/F) | FALSE |
| A scientific theory is a tentative or untested explanation that is proposed to explain scientific observations (T/F) | FALSE |
| Oceans cover slightly less than half of the Earth's surface (T/F) | FALSE |
| Both energy and matter flow into and out of the system in what system? | An Open System |
| According to the nebular hypothesis, all of the bodies in the universe evolved from a rotating cloud of gases and dust about five billion years ago (T/F) | FALSE |
| lithosphere, asthenosphere, and mesosphere are all layers of Earth defined by their composition. | FALSE |
| Shields and stable platforms are typically found in.. | The Interior Region Of A Continent |
| An extreme example of the greenhouse effect is thought to be associated with an abundance of carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere (T/F) | FALSE |
| A Comet | |
| Lunar regolith breccia contains crystalline rock fragments and glassy fragments. | TRUE |
| Four Largest Moons Of Jupiter | Galilean Moon's |
| The Cassini Gap | |
| The very large, lava-covered areas of the Moon | Maria |
| Carbon dioxide is the major gas in the atmosphere of | Venus |
| Dark Tail of a Comet is called.. | |
| A cluster of three large, fresh-looking impact craters shown in radar images of the surface of Venus best supports the conclusion that | erosion and weathering are very slow processes on Venus |
| Which pair of solar system bodies comes closest to approximating a "double planet | Pluto and Charon |
| occurs when an object in the outer reaches of the solar system passes between Earth and a far distant star, temporarily blocking light from the star | Occultation |
| Pluto is now classified as a | Dwarf Planet |
| ________ meteorites are thought to be analogous in composition to Earth's core | Iron |
| Compared to Earth's atmosphere, the atmosphere of Mars has surface pressures that are | 0.1 times those on Earth; major gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide |
| ________ came closest to undergoing nuclear fusion and becoming a second sun | Jupiter |
| The bright head of a comet | Coma |
| ________ has the great, dark spot on its surface | Neptune |
| How did the lunar maria most likely originate | huge impact basins that were nearly filled with basaltic lava flows |
| A Moon of Mar's | Phobo's |
| ________, a moon orbiting Jupiter, has an unusually smooth, uncratered, ice-covered surface. | Europa |
| the appropriate range in average densities of the terrestrial planets | 4-6 Gram's |
| Which one of the terrestrial planets has a surface landscape similar to that of the older areas of the Moon | Mercury |
| The belt (orbit) of the asteroids is located between | Jupiter and Mar's |
| The Martian polar caps are thought to be mainly frozen methane and ammonia | FALSE |
| Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from | Siesmic Waves |
| A rigid layer of crustal and mantle material | Lithosphere |
| The average composition of the OCEANIC crust is thought to approximate that of | Basalt |
| The average composition of the CONTINENTAL crust is thought to approximate that of | Granite |
| The Earth's magnetic field originates by | Weak electrical currents associated with fluid motions in the outer core |
| Continental crust is generally thicker than oceanic crust | TRUE |
| He Argued forcefully for continental drift | Alfred Wegener |
| The former late Paleozoic super continent is known as | Pangea |
| What evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere | Tillites (rocks formed by glaciers) in South Africa and South America |
| Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a ________ plate boundary. | Divergent |
| The temperature below which magnetic material can retain a permanent magnetization is called the | Curie point |
| A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a | hot spot |
| The ________ is (are) a logical evolutionary analog of the African Rift Valleys ten million years from now. | Red Sea |
| A typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is | 2 centimeters per year |
| Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates | export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere |
| The continental drift hypothesis was rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not | identify a mechanism capable of moving continents |
| New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at | divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma |
| Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at | subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries |
| Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for | sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone |
| A transform plate boundary is characterized by | a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions |
| WHICH BOUNDARY? Plates are sliding past one another horizontally | Transform |
| WHICH BOUNDARY? plates are moving apart from one another | Divergent |
| The oldest rocks on the seafloor are much younger than the oldest rocks on the continents. (T/F) | TRUE |
| The most abundant material ejected from volcanoes? | WATER! |
| 5 reasons why earth is a unique planet: | 1) Internal Heat Engine 2) Earth's size (dictates gravity) 3) Earth's hydrosphere (Water!) 4) Oxygen Rich atmosphere 5) Distance from the sun |
| Compositional differences between inner and outer planets? | The inner planets are small and rocky while the outer are large and gaseous. |
| Earth's Interior from Inner to Outer | Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust |
| What tells us everything about Earth's Interior? | Seismic Waves |
| What are two types of Seismic Waves? | Body and Surfaces waves |
| What are two types of Body waves? | Primary and Secondary waves ( P and S ) |
| P waves can travel through | Substances (liquid, solid's, gas) |
| S waves can travel through | solids only |
| What are Xenolith's and why are they important? | Portions of mantle ripped up and brought to the surface in volcanic eruption . They are important because they show us what our interior looks like |
| What is Gonowana? and who named it? | Named by Suess. A super continent combined by South America, Africa, India, Antartica and Australia. |
Created by:
KPASKIN
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