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Med Surg. Gastro
Gastrointestinal System 27, 28, 29, 30
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sequence of GI organs | mouth - pharynx - esophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - rectum - anus |
| GI accessory organs | liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| gastroesophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter) | controls the opening from the esophagus into the stomach to prevent acid reflux |
| stomach lies within... | the upper left portion of abdominal cavity |
| pyloric sphincter | controls the release of food into the small intestine |
| small intestine is divided into | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| small intestine is about | 6m long |
| large intestine is divided into | cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal |
| the colon is about | 1.5m long |
| the colon has 4 portions | ascending, transverse, descending, & sigmoid colon |
| the 4 digestive tract wall layers | mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa |
| peritoneum | serous sac that lines the abdominal cavity (encloses intestines, stomach, liver, spleen) |
| mastication | chewing |
| mucus, hydrochloric acid (HCl), intrinsic factor, pepsinogen, and gastrin | are secreted into the stomach from cells within its walls to break down food |
| chyme | partially digested semiliquid food (stomach sends chyme to small intestine) |
| digested food particles are absorbed into the bloodstream thru | the villi on the small intestine walls |
| large intestine function: | reabsorbs water & electrolytes, formulates some vitamin K, and eliminates waste products |
| small intestine function: | receives chyme, adds more digestive enzymes & fluid, receives bile and pancreatic enzymes (from common duct), and further digests chyme into liquid |
| gastrocolic reflex | initiates elimination (stimulated by ingestion of food) |
| internal anal sphincter | involuntary control |
| external anal sphincter | voluntary control |
| small sac attached to the lower portion of the liver. connects to the common bile duct (leads from liver --> duodenum) | gallbladder |
| large, reddish-brown organ located in the upper right quadrant, under the diaphragm | liver |
| transports all venous blood and nutrients absorbed from the small intestine to --> the liver | portal vein |
| elongated, flat organ that sits behind the stomach. has a head and tail | pancreas |
| extends the length of the pancreas and connects with the common bile duct, secretions go into the duodenum | pancreatic duct |
| gallbladder function: | stores bile produced by the liver, delivers it as needed to the small intestine |
| liver functions: | makes and secretes bile and bile salts (used to digest fat and fat soluble vitamins), synthesizes albumin, fibrinogen, globulins, clotting factors. stores glycogen, metabolizes drugs, lipid and protein metabolism |
Created by:
hannamalec
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