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Stem Cells & Cancer

Biol 104 Ch. 16: Development, Stem Cells, Cancer

TermDefinition
Stem Cells General terms for unspecialized cells that can divide to produce more stem cells or differentiate into specialized cell types
Totipotent stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type including embryonic and extraembryonic tissues
Pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type in the body but not extraembryonic tissues
Multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a limited range of related cell types
Embryonic Stem Cells pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early embryo
Adult Stem Cells multipotent stem cells found in various tissues that can replace damaged or dying cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to behave like embryonic stem cells
Differentiation the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type
Cell Cycle the series of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides
Cancer a disease caused by uncontrolled cell division resulting from mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle
Tumor general term for any abnormal mass of cells that results from uncontrolled cell division
Benign Tumor a tumor that remains at its original site and does not invade other tissues
Malignant Tumor a cancerous tumor that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body
Metastasis the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body
Proto Oncogenes normal genes that promote cell division and become oncogenes when mutated
Oncogenes mutated genes that cause increased cell division and can lead to cancer
Tumor Suppressor Genes genes that slow cell division or cause cell death and prevent cancer when functioning normally
Apoptosis programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells
P53 a tumor suppressor protein that stops the cell cycle or triggers apoptosis when DNA damage is detected
Carcinogen any substance or agent that can cause cancer by damaging DNA
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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