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Gene Expression
Biol 104 Ch. 15: Control of Gene Expression
| Operon | a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter in prokaryotes |
| Operator | a DNA segment where a repressor protein binds to block transcription |
| Repressor | a protein that inhibits gene transcription by binding to the operator |
| Inducer | a molecule that inactivates a repressor to allow transcription to occur |
| Lac Operon | a set of genes in bacteria that regulate lactose metabolism and are only expressed when lactose is present |
| Trp Operon | a set of genes in bacteria that regulate tryptophan synthesis and are turned off when tryptophan is present |
| Positive Regulation (Enhancers) | gene control where a regulatory molecule or protein increases transcription |
| Negative Regulation(Silencers) | gene control where a regulatory molecule or protein decreases transcription |
| Transcription Factors | proteins that bind to DNA to help regulate the transcription of genes |
| Alternative RNA Splicing | the process of creating different mRNAs from the same gene by including or excluding certain exons |
| Histone Acetylation | the addition of acetyl groups to histone proteins that loosens chromatin and increases transcription |
| DNA Methylation | the addition of methyl groups to DNA that typically silences gene expression |