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DNA Rep.& Tech

Biol 104: Ch. 13 DNA Replication and Genetic Technology

CRISPR CAS 9 Uses a bacterial protein and guiding RNA to find and edit a specific gene in living cells.
Epigenetics heritable changes in gene expression that occur without changes to the DNA sequence itself
DNA Replication the process of copying an entire DNA molecule to produce two identical DNA molecules
PCR polymerase chain reaction, a technique that rapidly copies specific DNA sequences to produce millions of identical copies
Cloning technology using bacterial plasmids a method of inserting foreign DNA into circular bacterial DNA molecules that can then replicate inside bacteria to produce many copies
Gel Electrophoresis a technique that separates DNA fragments by size using an electric field to pull them through a gel matrix
Semiconservative Replication the method of DNA copying where each new molecule contains one original strand and one new strand
Origin of Replication the specific site on DNA where replication begins
Replication Fork the Y shaped region where DNA strands separate during replication Helicase
Single Strand Binding Proteins proteins that attach to separated DNA strands to prevent them from rejoining
Topoisomerase the enzyme that relieves tension in the DNA molecule ahead of the replication fork DNA Polymerase
Primase the enzyme that synthesizes short RNA primers needed to start DNA synthesis
RNA Primer a short sequence of RNA nucleotides that provides a starting point for DNA polymerase Leading Strand
Lagging Strand the DNA strand synthesized discontinuously in short segments away from the replication fork
Okazaki Fragments short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand
DNA Ligase the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand
Proofreading the process by which DNA polymerase checks and corrects errors during replication
Mismatch Repair the correction of base pairing errors that escape proofreading
Telomeres repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each replication Telomerase
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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