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Bio 9 Vocab
This is ALL the Bio 9 vocab for units 1 though 4.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biodiversity | biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals |
| Biotic | of, relating to, or caused by living organisms (A Living thing) |
| Abiotic | not biotic (Non-living elements) |
| Species Richness | Number of different species in an area |
| Species Evenness | Relative abundance of the species |
| Niche | the ecological role of an organism in a community especially in regard to food consumption |
| Ecosystem | the complex of a community of organisms and its environment functioning as an ecological unit |
| Carrying Capacity | The maximum number of a species that the environment can support |
| Limiting Factor | An environmental factor that can restrict the growth of a population in an ecosystem |
| Trophic Level | one of the hierarchical strata of a food web characterized by organisms which are the same number of steps removed from the primary producers (An organisms position in a food chain) |
| Community | a unified body of individuals |
| Population | the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region |
| Autotroph | An organism that produces its own food |
| Heterotroph | Organisms that consume others for energy |
| Producer | An organism that produces its own food |
| Consumer | An organism that obtains its energy by feeding on other organisms |
| Decomposer | any of various organisms (such as many bacteria and fungi) that return constituents of organic substances to ecological cycles by feeding on and breaking down dead protoplasm |
| Food Web | the totality of interacting food chains in an ecological community |
| Food Chain | an arrangement of the organisms of an ecological community according to the order of predation in which each uses the next usually lower member as a food source |
| Energy Pyramid | A model showing how energy flows though an ecosystem |
| Stability | the quality, state, or degree of being stable |
| Disturbance | a departure from a norm or standard : a deviation, disruption, or impairment in form, function, or activity |
| Resilience | an ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change |
| Ecosystem Services | Beneficial things contributed directly and indirectly by nature |
| Cell | The basic building blocks of all living things |
| Organelles | a specialized cellular part (such as a mitochondrion, chloroplast, or nucleus) that has a specific function and is considered analogous to an organ |
| Homeostasis | a relatively stable state of equilibrium or a tendency toward such a state between the different but interdependent elements or groups of elements of an organism, population, or group |
| Active Transport | the movement of a chemical substance by the expenditure of energy against a gradient in concentration or in electrical potential across a plasma membrane |
| Passive Transport | the movement of substances (as by diffusion) across a cell membrane without the expenditure of energy |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| Osmosis | Movement of a solvent (such as water) through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane |
| Facilitated Diffusion | A form of passive transport where molecules that are too large or charged to cross the membrane on their own use the help of specific transport proteins |
| Equilibrium | A balanced state where the concentration of a substance is equal on both sides of the membrane |
| Concentration | The amount of a component in a given area or volume |
| Concentration Gradients | The difference in the concentration of a substance between 2 areas which is what drives the movement of molecules |
| Cell Membrane | a semipermeable limiting layer of cell protoplasm consisting of a fluid phospholipid bilayer with intercalated proteins |
| Semi-Permeable | permeable to some usually small molecules but not to other usually larger particles |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | A 2 layer structure allowing small molecules in and out of the cell. |
| Transport Channel/Channel Proteins | A trans membrane that facilitates passive movement of specific ions across the membrane |
| Solution | a homogenous mixture formed by mixing one solid, liquid, or gaseous substance with another |
| Solvent | The thing in a solution that does the dissolving |
| Solute | The thing in a solution that is dissolved |
| Macromolecule | a very large molecule |
| Monomers | Small building block molecules that can join together to make larger molecules |
| Ploymers | a compound of high molecular weight derived either by the addition of many smaller molecules, as polyethylene, or by the condensation of many smaller molecules with the elimination of water, alcohol, or the like, as nylon. |
| Carbohydrates | Substances composed of long chains of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon molecules. Sugar, starch, and cellulose are all carbohydrates. |
| Lipids | A group of organic molecules (see also organic molecule) that includes fats, oils, and waxes. |
| Protiens | Complex organic molecules (see also organic molecule) made up of amino acids. |
| Monosaccharides | A singular sugar molecule |
| Polysaccharides | A class of carbohydrates consisting of a number of Monosaccharides |
| Amino Acids | Basic organic molecules (see also organic molecule) that combine to form proteins. |
| Fatty Acids | A type of a carboxylic acid that consists of a long hydrocarbon chain |
| Chemical Digestion | The process of which food is broken down into smaller molecules with enzymes |
| Mechanical Digestion | The breaking up of food into digestible chunks |
| Enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| Substrate | The substance acted upon by an enzyme. |
| Product | A substance obtained from another substance through chemical change. |
| Reactant | Any substance that undergoes a chemical change in a given reaction. |
| Active Site | The part of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate during catalysis. |
| Homeostasis | To maintain an internal stability. |
| Respiratory System | The system where oxygen is exchanged for CO2 |
| Heart | The organ that pumps blood to the rest of our body |
| Arteries | Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| Veins | Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart |
| Capillaries | Blood vessels that connect arteries and veins and is where oxygen is transferd |
| Carbon Dioxide | A invisible gas that is a byproduct of cellular respiration |
| Oxygen | A invisible gas that you breathe in and that is used for cellular respiration. |
| Cellular respiration | The process where the cell makes ATP |
| Heart Rate | How many times your heart beats in a minute |
| Respiratory Rate | The amount of breaths that you take in a minute |
| Oxygenated/De-oxygenated Blood | Blood rich and not rich in oxygen |
| Hemoglobin | The pigment that carries oxygen and makes blood its color |
| Blood Pressure | How hard the blood pushes on the arteries and veins |
| Gas exchange | The process in which oxygen is traded for CO2 |
| Respiration | The act of inhaling and exhaling |
| ATP | Energy made by the body to be used in the body. |
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ZellTeck102
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