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SBS cells
cell parts and functions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of a cell. |
Cytoplasm | constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains hereditary material and is the location of most of a cell's process |
Cell wall | tough, rigid outer coverings that protect the cell and give it shape (plants, fungi, algae, most bacteria) |
Organelle | structure in the cytoplasm that can act as a storage site, process, energy, move materials,or manufacture substances. |
Nucleus | organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of protein and DNA |
Chloroplast | green, chlorophyll-containing, plant cell organelle that converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugar |
Mitochondria | cell organelle that breaks down lipids and carbohydrates and releases energy. rod-shaped structures (singular: mitochondrion) |
Ribosome | small structure in which cells make their own proteins |
Endoplasmic reticulum | organelle that processes substances (including proteins and lipids) around the cell, and is made up of folded membranes, can be rough (ribosomes attached) or smooth (no ribosomes attached) |
Golgi bodies | organelles (looks like flattened sacs and tubes) that package cellular material (received from the ER)and transports them within the cell or out of the cell |
tissue | group of similar cells that work together to do one job. |
Organ | structure made up of different tissues (heart)that work together |
Prokaryotic cell | cells without membrane bound structures; no nucleus; archaea and bacteria |
Eukaryotic cell | cell with membrane bound structures; have a nucleus. |
lysosome | organelle that contains digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, wastes and worn out cell parts (cell's recycling centers) |
nucleolus | produces ribosomes which leave the nucleus and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum (important for protein synthesis) |
vacuole | a sac-like organelle that stores food, water, or other materials needed by the cell. Also store waste products. Smaller in an animal cell than a plant cell. |
Order of organization for a multicellular organism | cells--> tissue-->organ--> organ system--> organism |