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chapter 5
evolution and community ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | change over time |
| gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait . |
| mutations | are changes in DNA |
| genetic drift | biological evolution that occurs by chance |
| natural selection | the process by which traits that improves an organism's chances for survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than those that do not |
| fitness | describes how re productively successful an organism is in its environment |
| adaption | a heritable trait that increases an individual's fitness |
| artificial selection | this process of selection conducted under human directions |
| speciation | the process by which new species are generated |
| extinction | the disappearance of a species from earth |
| niche | its use of resources and its functional role in a community. |
| tolerance | the ability to survive and reproduce under changing environmental conditions |
| resources partitioning | the species partition or divide the resources they use in common by specializing in different ways |
| predation | the process by which an individual of one species a predator hunts captures kills and consumes an individual of another species |
| convolution | the process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| parasitism | is a relationship in which one organism the parasite depends on another the host for nourishment or some other benefit |
| symbiosis | a long lasting and physically close relationship in which at least one organisms benefits |
| herbivory | insects that feed on plants |
| mutualism | a relationship in which two or more species benefit |
| commensalism | a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected |
| primary producers | capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and stored it in the bonds of sugars making energy available to the rest of the community |
| photosynthesis | is the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars |
| chemo synthesis | to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar |
| consumers | organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients |
| cellular respiration | is the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugar such as glucose releasing carbon dioxide and water as a byproduct |
| herbivores | organism that consume producers are know ass primary consumers |
| carnivores | animals that kill and eat other animals |
| omnivores | animals that eat both plants and animals food |
| detritivores | ecosystem that have recycles called detritivores and decomposers |
| decomposers |
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