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Med Surg II - Test 1
Causes of each neurological disorder
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Meningitis | viruses, fungi, bacteria |
| Encephalitis | viruses, bacteria, chemicals |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | antibodies destroy the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves |
| Brain Abscess | collection of pus from ears, mastoid, sinus, or skull infections; brain surgery |
| Multiple Sclerosis | unknown - may be virul or autoimmune (myelin sheath destroyed) |
| Myasthenia Gravis | chronic autoimmune disorder |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) | rapidly progressive, fatal neurologic disorder resulting in destruction of motor neurons of cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia | unknown - older population |
| Bell's Palsy | ischemia or inflammation of the 7th cranial nerve (facial) |
| Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ) | stress, malposition of jaw, poor fitting dentures, RA, neoplasms |
| Parkinson's Disease | decrease in dopamine |
| Seizure or Convulsion | erratic, abnormal electrical discharges of brain cells |
| Epilepsy | birth trauma, genetic predisposition, head injuries, some types of brain infections, abcesses, toxicity; fever, metabolic disorders; tumors, brain malformations |
| Generalized Seizures | abnormal electricity throughout entire hemisphere or both hemispheres of brain. |
| Neoplasms | benign brain tumor |
| Headaches | eye strain, sinusitis, muscle strain, ligament strain, cervical degenerative changes, emotional tension and stress; associated with brain tumors, HTN, and increased ICP |
| Tension H/A's | not well understood - irregular meals, caffeine w/d, lack of sleep |
| Migraine H/A's | vascular disturbance (the brain's blood vessels dilate abnormally) |
| Cluster H/A's | vasodilation |
| Aneurysm | outpouching of blood vessel (most common is aorta) |
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | change in blood supply to a particular area of the brain |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | cerebral thrombosis; cerebral hemorrhage or aneurysm; cerebral embolism |
| Head Trauma - Concussion | result of blow to head |
| Head Trauma - Laceration | tearing of brain tissue caused by impact or injury |
| Head Trauma - Contusion | bruising of brain tissue |
| Open Skull Fractures | brain exposed to external microorganisms |
| Depressed Skull Fracture | severe blow to head |
| Basilar Skull Fracture | trauma to base of skull |
| Cerebral Hematoma | HTN and trauma |
| Epidural Hematoma | usually trauma |
| Spinal Cord Disorders | trauma caused by blunt or penetrating forces |
| Autonomic Dysreflexia | result of autonomic response to noxious stimuli |
| Spinal Cord Compression | tumor, abcess, ruptured intervertebral disc or other lesion |
Created by:
ReginaK
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