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Bio 20 Unit D Topic1

12
Ecology Study of relationships between organisms and their environment
Abiotic Factors Non-living components of ecosystems.Influence organism survival
Biotic Factors Living components of ecosystems.Interactions among organisms
Biosphere Area of Earth that supports life,Includes land, water, and atmosphere
Levels of Ecological Organization Organism - population - community - ecosystem - biome - biosphere
Organism Carries out life processes
Population Members of the same species, lives in the same area at the same time
Community All the populations in an area
Ecosystem Includes climate, geography, and organisms present, multiple together make up a biome
Habitat Place that provides suitable conditions for the presence and survival of a population
Niche Role of an organism in an ecosystem
Producer Makes its own food Uses photo/chemosynthesis
Consumer Heterotroph
Decomposer Breaks down dead matter,Recycles nutrients
Biome Defined by climate and similarities between ecosystems
Taiga Biome Dominated by conifers Cold climate with acidic soil
Grassland Biome Dominated by grasses Limited tree growth Most fertile soil
Deciduous Forest Broadleaf trees Found between taigas and grasslands, or by lakes or rivers
Limiting Factor Restricts population growth and can be biotic or abiotic
Carrying Capacity Maximum population size that an ecosystem can support sustainably
Density-Independent Factor Affects populations regardless of densityExamples: fire, drought
Density-Dependent Factor Effect changes with population density,Examples: disease, competition
Littoral Zone Shallow lake area from the shore to the end of plant growth at the bottom of the lake,High sunlight and plant productivity
Limnetic Zone Open surface water zone,Sunlight supports plankton, who in turn support tadpoles, fish, and birds
Profundal Zone Deep lake water zone Mostly Decomposers present Little or no sunlight and low oxygen levels
Chemical Environment Aquatic ecosystem factor Includes oxygen and dissolved substances
Water Pressure Increases with depth, Few organisms tolerate wide ranges
Winter Conditions in Lakes Ice forms on surface, reducing or completely blocking light and thus life in the body of water
Spring/Fall Turnover results from wind and water cooling and rising, then warming and falling, mixing the lake and increasing oxygen dissolved
Summer Stratification Warm water remains on top, limiting oxygen dissolving, and thus one of the reasons that summer is when the least oxygen is dissolved in a lake
Epilimnion Upper warm water layer Higher oxygen exchange Most biological activity
Hypolimnion Lower cold water layer Low oxygen renewal Organisms rely on reserves
Thermocline Middle transition layer Rapid temperature change Limits water mixing
Created by: user-1999865
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