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LS Biology Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mitosis | Cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair |
| Nucleus | Organelle that controls cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA) |
| DNA | Molecule carrying genetic instructions for traits and cellular functions |
| Chromosome | Threadlike structure of DNA and proteins carrying genes |
| Gene | Segment of DNA coding for a specific protein or trait |
| Nitrogenous Bases (A,T,C,G) | Chemical units (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) forming the genetic code |
| DNA Replication | Process of copying DNA before cell division |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction involving one parent, producing genetically identical offspring |
| Sexual Reproduction | Reproduction involving two parents, producing genetically diverse offspring |
| Cancer | Uncontrolled cell division due to mutations |
| Growth, Repair, Replacement | Functions of mitosis in multicellular organisms |
| Differentiation | Process by which cells become specialized for specific functions |
| Embryo | Early developmental stage after fertilization |
| Cell Differentiation | Specialization of cells into distinct types |
| Gene Expression | Process by which information from a gene is used to make proteins |
| Stem Cells | Undifferentiated cells capable of becoming specialized cells |
| Stem Cell Therapy | Medical use of stem cells to repair or replace damaged tissues |
| Meiosis | Cell division producing gametes with half the chromosome number |
| Haploid | Cell with one set of chromosomes (gametes) |
| Diploid | Cell with two sets of chromosomes (body cells) |
| Gametes | Sex cells (sperm and egg) carrying half the genetic material |
| Fertilization | Fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg cell with a complete set of chromosomes |
| Female Reproductive System | Organs producing eggs and supporting embryo development |
| Ovaries | Organs producing eggs and hormones |
| Vagina | Canal connecting uterus to outside of body |
| Uterus | Organ where embryo develops |
| Oviduct (Fallopian tubes) | Tubes carrying eggs from ovaries to uterus; site of fertilization |
| Male Reproductive System | Organs producing sperm and delivering them to female system |
| Testes | Organs producing sperm and hormones |
| Vas Deferens | Tube carrying sperm from testes to urethra |
| Penis | Organ delivering sperm to female reproductive system |
| Glands | Structures producing fluids that support sperm |
| Internal vs External development | Embryo development inside (placental mammals) or outside (eggs) the body |
| Placenta | Organ connecting mother and embryo for nutrient and waste exchange |
| Umbilical Cord | Structure connecting embryo to placenta |
| Hormones | Chemical messengers regulating body processes |
| Birth | Process of delivering a baby from the uterus |
| Aging | Biological changes over time leading to decreased function |
| Coding DNA | DNA sequences that code for proteins |
| Non-Coding DNA | DNA sequences that do not code for proteins but may regulate genes |
| Sequence | Order of nucleotides in DNA or RNA |
| Traits | Observable characteristics determined by genes and environment |
| Inheritance | Passing of genetic information |
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