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FINAL Review
Study Guide for the Environmental Science Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Keystone Species? | A species that other species in an ecosystem depend on, or are heavily influenced by |
| What Makes Weather and Climate Different? | Weather describes the temporary trends of temperature and precipitation in an area, whereas climate describes the long term observations and trends of temperature and precipitation in a region |
| What is Albedo? How Can Vegetation Influence it? | Albedo is the proportion of light or radiation that is reflected by a surface; vegetation can change surface color or texture, which impacts how much light or radiation is absorbed or reflected |
| What is an Indicator Species | An organism whose reactions to environmental changes, presence, or absence signals the health of an ecosystem. |
| Why are Food Webs more Accurate than Food Chains? | Food webs represent more complex relationships and systems between multiple organisms |
| What is Carrying Capacity? | The maximum number of individuals or organisms that an environment can sustainably support over time. |
| What are the two revolutions that changed the size of the human population, and how did each impact the growth in population? | The Industrial Revolution and Agricultural Revolution; The Industrial Rev. allowed for advancements in machinery and medicine that increased lifespan and fertility rates, the Agricultural Rev. allowed for an increase in nutrition through better farming |
| What is Fecundity? | The ability to produce an abundance of offspring |
| What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? | Inductive reasoning is when you move from specific observations to broad generalizations, whereas deductive reasoning is when you move from broad generalizations to specific conclusions |
| What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data? | Qualitative data is information described with words and descriptions, whereas quantitative is information described through numbers and measurements |
| What is the Difference Between Density-Dependent and Density-Independent Factors | Density-dependent factors are influences or traits that become stronger as the population density increases, whereas density-independent factors influence a population regardless of the density of organisms |
| What is Mechanical Isolation? | Mechanical isolation describes when there are reproductive barriers such as physical differences in reproductive systems hat lead to speciation |
| What is a Pioneer Species? | The first organisms to colonize or inhabit barren or damaged ecosystems |
| What is Primary Succession? | The gradual colonization or inhabitation of barren or lifeless areas |
| What Does "niche" Mean in Ecology? | A niche is the job or role that an organism plays within its environment |
| What is Speciation? How does it Happen? | Speciation is a process that occurs between two populations that results in the formation of a new species. This can be as a result of types of isolation, like reproductive, behavioral, and ecological isolation. |
| What is the Difference Between a Population and a Community? | A population consists of only one species, whereas a community consists of various different populations |
| What is Secondary Succession? | Ecological process where a community regrows after a disturbance |
| What are the Three Types of Biodiversity? | Genetic biodiversity, species biodiversity, and ecological biodiversity |
| What does Ecocentric mean? | A perspective that places value on the entire ecosystem and natural systems rather than humanity itself |
| Why is Biodiversity Important? How is it Measured? | Biodiversity is important because it provides essential resources while making an ecosystem more stable and resilient; it is measured through the biodiversity index |
| What is the Difference Between Scavengers and Decomposers? | Decomposers are microorganisms that break down dead or decaying matter, whereas scavengers are usually larger organisms that search for and consume dead animals |
| What is Environmental Science? | Environmental science is the study of the environment and how the relationships between humans and other living and non-living components interact and impact the environment |
| What Two Measurements are Shown on a Climatogram? | Temperature and precipitation |
| What does Anthropocentric mean? | A perspective that places value on humankind as the most important component, not the environment or systems as a whole |
| What does Biocentric mean? | The perspective that the rights and needs of humans are NOT more important than those of other living organisms |
| What do the Arrows Represent in a Food Web? | In a food web, the arrows represent the transfer of energy between organisms and energy sources. |
| What are Incentives? | Incentives are rewards, benefits, or other motivators designed to encourage specific environmentally friendly actions. |
| What is the main gas that makes up the atmosphere? | Nitrogen |
| What is pressure? How is it measured? | Pressure is a measure of force that acts over a certain area and is measured by a barometer. |
| What are the levels of the atmosphere listed from closest to earth to furthest? | Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere |
| What are the three main circulation patters on Earth? | Hadley cells, Ferrel cells, and Polar cells |
| What biome has hot, wet, and humid conditions all year round? | Rainforests/Tropical Rainforests |
| Which biome experiences the least rainfall? | Desert |
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