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UNIT 2 pt. 2
Biosphere
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Species | A population of organisms that can interbreed and reproduce under natural conditions |
| Endangered Species | A species in immediate jeopardy of extinction throughout a large portion of their range |
| Threatened Species | A species at lower risk of extinction than an endangered species, but likely to become endangered in the future. |
| Causes of Extinction | Habitat loss and degradation, introduction of non-native species, over-exploitation, pollution, disease |
| Endangered Species Act of 1973 | Placed international trade restrictions on species that are threatened or endangered; made land necessary for the survival of a species designated as a critical habitat that cannot be destroyed |
| Gene Pool | The combined genetic information for a particular population of organisms |
| Speciation | If the gene pool of two populations are separated and cannot be shared through reproduction, the populations may develop into a new species |
| behavioral Isolation | When two populations are incapable of interbreeding due to differences in courtship or reproductive behaviors |
| Mechanical Isolation | When the reproductive organs of the two groups have become so different that they can no longer mate |
| Temporal Isolation | When the two populations mate at different times or seasons |
| Geographic Isolation | The populations have been separated by geographic barriers that prevent reproduction |
| Interspecific Competition | The competition between species |
| Principle of Competitive Exclusion | Two species competing for the same limited resource cannot both have thriving populations |
| Linear Growth | Also called arithmetic growth; shows a pattern increasing in a constant amount |
| Exponential Growth | Also called geometric growth; shows a pattern increasing at a constant rate (doubling); also called a J curve |
| Limiting Factors | Limits that keep populations from increasing forever; may cause organisms to die or move out of an area; eventually the population will stabilize |
| Carrying Capacity | The number of organisms that an environment can support over a long period of time |
| Density-Dependent Factors | Have an increasing effect as the population increases; usually biotic |
| Density-Independent Factors | Affect all populations, regardless of how large; usually abiotic |
| Natality | The addition of new individuals (birth) |
| Fecundity | The ability to reproduce |
| Fertility | The number of offspring produced |
| Mortality | The death rate |
| Life Expectancy | The predicted length of survival |
| Survivorship Curve | Shows the probability of survival for a given group or species; there are typically three curves based on the natality and mortality of individuals |
| K Strategist Characteristics | Live in stable environments, reproduce slowly, produce fewer offspring, strong and well protected, long life expectancy, usually large, type 1 & 2 survivorship curve, high energy/offspring expended, high levels of parental care |
| R Strategist Characteristics | Live in unstable environments, reproduce rapidly, weak and subject to predation, have short life expectancy, usually small, type 3 survivorship curve, low energy, low levels of parental care |
| Expanding Population | When the population is composed of many young individuals |
Created by:
fcampbel6126
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