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DNA Struct & Repl H
DNA Structure & Replication (H Bio)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| nucleotide | monomer unit of nucleic acids |
| nitrogenous bases | adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil |
| type of bond between nitrogenous bases from 2 DNA strands | hydrogen bonds |
| where DNA is located in eukaryotes | nucleus |
| components of a nucleotide | phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base |
| enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA base pairs; works at the replication fork | DNA helicase |
| enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to a new strand of DNA, in 5' --> 3' direction, using the 3' --> 5' template strand | DNA polymerase |
| 5-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides | deoxyribose |
| in RNA, nitrogenous base that bonds with adenine | uracil |
| in DNA, nitrogenous base that bonds with adenine | thymine |
| semiconservative replication | each new double stranded DNA contains one original strand and one new strand |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| shape of double stranded DNA | double helix |
| RNA polymerase | adds complementary RNA nucleotides to a strand of mRNA |
| replication | the process by which a new DNA is copied from a template DNA strand |
| complementary base pair | nitrogenous bases that bond together with hydrogen bonds |
| chromatin | loose strands of DNA in the nucleus; "spaghetti noodles" |
| chromosome | packages of DNA and protein; DNA is in this state during cell division only |
| type of bond between a nucleotide's phosphate group and another's deoxyribose | covalent |
| origin of replication | short section of DNA with a specific sequence of nucleotides indicating a replication origination site |
| replication bubble | a separation between two strands of double-stranded DNA where replication is occurring |
| replication fork | a Y-shaped region at the ends of replication bubbles where new DNA strands are elongating |
| single-stranded binding proteins | bind to single-stranded DNA at replication forks to stabilize the replication fork |
| Primase | enzyme that adds an RNA primer to DNA |
| RNA primer | short RNA sequence, about 10 nucleotides, complementary to the DNA and serves as a starting point for DNA polymerase |
| leading strand | replicated DNA that is continuously synthesized in the 5' --> 3' direction using the 3' --> 5' template DNA strand |
| lagging strand | replicated DNA that is synthesized in sections in the 5' --> 3' direction using the 5' --> 3' DNA strand |
| Okazaki fragment | short fragment of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication |
| DNA ligase | forms a covalent bond between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the deoxyribose of another nucleotide |
| purine | a single-ring nitrogenous base; adenine, guanine |
| pyrimidine | a double-ring nitrogenous base; cytosine, uracil, thymine |
| template or non-coding DNA strand | the 3' --> 5' DNA strand |
Created by:
onceamustang
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