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Chapter 15
Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anticodon | three RNA bases on one end |
| Central Dogma | explains this connection between genes and protein, where DNA encode RNA, RNA encode protein, (Encode = is used to make) |
| Codon | Bases on mRNA are read by the ribosome in triplets |
| Exon | mRNA has portion that code for protein |
| Frameshift Mutation | insertion or deletion changes remaining aa |
| Gene Expression | how gene is used to make the actual protein/phenotype. Thee main steps are transcription, RNA processing, and translation |
| Intron | portions that do not code for protein |
| Nonsense Codon (stop codon) | early stop codon |
| Poly A Tail | a sequence of about 200 A nucleotide is added (protects the mRNA and provides signaling) |
| Pre-initiation complex | protein forms on the promoter region of a gene, preparing for transcription in eukaryotic cells |
| Promoter | in transcription of RNA, serving as the binding site for RNA polymerase and transcription factors |
| Reading Frame | nucleotide is grouped into protein |
| Splicing | mRNA has portions that code for exons, introns are removed and exon are spliced (attached) together to form the final mRNA molecule |
| Start Codon | Initiation (of translation) the first AUG (the first codon) in the first tRNA binding site |
| TATA Box | promoter sequence (DNA sequence) |
| Template Strand | mRNA joining RNA bases that are complementary to DNA template strand (TACCG) |
| Transcription Bubble | region of DNA that partially unwound during process of RNA transcription |
| Initiation (of transcription) | factor molecules bind to promoter region near the gene to be copied, rna polymerase binds to promoter region |
| Elongation (of transcription) | rna polymerase make a complementary mrna molecules, mrna is made by joining RNA bases that are complementary to DNA template strand |
| Termination (of transcription | rna polymerase reaches a termination sequence on dna, completed mrna strand is released and dna rewinds to a double helix |
| Initiation (of translation) | mrna bind to small ribosomal subunit in the cyroplasm, mrna slides through subunit until first codon is in first trna binding site, trna carry methionine bind to mrna codon, large ribosomal subunit join in imitation complex |
| Elongation (of translation) | second trna bind to mrna next to first, prptide bond forms between two amino acids, first trna lacks an amino acid is released from ribosome, it moves doen mrna by one codon, and repeat building protein |
| Termination (of translation) | stop codon on mrna is reached, special protein to stop codon, ribosome breaks into separate subunits, finished protein chain is released, mrna is released and can be used to make another protein |
| Transcription | information from dna is copied into mrna |
| Translation | mrna together with trna amino acids and ribosome sustesize protein, mrna is translated into polypeptide chain |
Created by:
Khanlena
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