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TOAT Hawaiian Island
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| rock | A naturally occurring solid composed of one or more minerals. |
| sedimentary | A rock formed from layers of sediment or organic matter (like shells) that get compacted and cemented together over time. Can contain fossils |
| igneous | A rock formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma below ground or lava on the surface). |
| metamorphic | Rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, and/or chemical fluids deep within the Earth, changing their mineral composition and texture without melting them. |
| lava | Molten rock that has moved above Earth's surface |
| magma | Molten rock beneath the earth's surface |
| extrusive | Igneous rock that solidified quickly at Earth's surface. Has small or nonexistent crystals with vesicles. |
| basalt | A dark, fine grained igneous rock that forms from rapidly cooled lava at or near Earth's surface. Most common |
| granite | A usually light colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust |
| intrusive | Igneous rock that contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface. |
| density | Mass per unit volume of a substance. |
| oceanic | thinner, more dense part of the crust |
| continental | thicker, less dense part of the crust |
| 4.6 Billion Years Old | The approximate age of the Earth. |
| Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic | Three main categories of rock |
| Plutonic | Another name for intrusive rock. |
| Volcanic | Another name for extrusive rock. |
| vesicular | Air pockets or holes in extrusive rock. |
| Hot Spot | The Hawaiian islands sit on this which forms the islands. |
| Convergent Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. |
| ocean-ocean convergent boundary | One plate descends (like ocean-continent) and volcanic activity on ocean floor results. This is how island arcs are formed, like the Aleutian Islands in Alaska and the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. |
| continent-continent convergent boundary | Form when one continental plate collides with another. Forms very tall mountain ranges like the Himalayas |
| ocean-continent convergent boundary | Oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate. A mountain range is produced parallel to the deep-sea trench. Earthquakes are produced along the subduction zone and volcanoes appear in the mountain belt behind the trench |
| divergent boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. Creates an ocean ridge or a rift valley. |
| transform boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. |
| subduction | The process by which crust sinks beneath another crust at a plate boundary. |
| trench | A deep, steep-sided canyon in the ocean floor caused by convergent tectonic plates. |
| rift valley | A deep valley that forms on land where two plates move apart |
| mid-ocean ridge | An underwater ridge where new ocean floor is formed from a divergent boundary. |
| fault | A crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other |
| Which two boundaries separate Caroline plate from the pacific plate | transform and convergent |
Created by:
MrsShwood
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