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Nutrition Ch. 11
Fat Soluble Vitamins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 Forms of Vitamin A | Retinol(Alcohol), Retinal(Aldehyde), and Retinoic acid(acid) |
| Retinol Binding Protein | Carries retinol from the liver to cell |
| Vision Chemistry | Visual molecule- rhodopsin, made of retinal(vit.A) and opsin(protein). Dark- retinal is bent and attached to opsin. Light- strengthens the retinal and breaks it off the opsin. Enzymes rebents and reattaches it to opsin |
| Night Blindness | Slow recovery of vision in the dark after a bright flash of light |
| Other roles of Vitamin A | Required: for goblet and epithelial cells development, by the immune system, for bone remodeling, steroids and thyroid hormones production |
| Xerophtalmia | Blindness due to damage to the cornea, cause by Vitamin A deficiency |
| Beta-carotene | Vitamin A precursor in plants, make vitamin out of it, yellowish |
| Vitamin A toxicity symptoms | Occurs at 15,000ug; Cause joint pain, headache, slow clotting time, dry skin, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, irritability, insomnia, amenorrhea, slow metabolism, and birth defects |
| Accutane & Retin-A | Made from Vitamin A, thins the skin to reduce acne |
| Sources of Vitamin A | Liver, dairy, some fruits and vegetables(mostly yellowish ones); killed inn fast foods |
| Vitamin D | Can be made in skin with cholesterol and sunlight, elongate intestinal villi, increase Ca absorption, promotes bone mineralization, increase resistance to TB |
| Deficiency of Vitamin D | Called Rickets, causes soft bones |
| Toxicity of Vitamin D | Cause Ca deposits in soft tissues, such as kidney stones, |
| Sources of Vitamin D | Dairy, 15 minutes of sun several times a week |
| Tocopherol | General name for the four forms of Vitamin E |
| Free Radicals | Atoms or molecules with an unpaired electron; very reactive, get it from everything- sunlight, smoking, pollution, etc. |
| Toxicity of Tocopherol | Occurs 1000mg, causes nausea, cramps, fatigue, blurry vision |
| Sources of Tocopherol | Oils, seeds, nuts, eggs, leafy green vegetables; can be destroyed by heat |
| Vitamin E's main function | Antioxidants for the lipid tissue in the body |
| Vitamin E deficiency symptoms | Anemia, poor vision, loss of coordination, cis in the breast |
| Vitamin K | Required in the liver to make clotting factors and to make bone proteins |
| Sources of Vitamin K | Milk, leafy green vegetables, GI bacteria |
| Deficiency of Vitamin K | Causes easy bleeding and weakness |
| Toxicity of Vitamin K | Occurs at 100 times of RDA, cause jaundice, RBC hemolysis, and brain damage |
| Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn | Excessive bleeding due to low Vitamin K because the GI bacteria is sterile and they produce less prothombin. Treatment- drop of Vit K in mouth |
Created by:
Futuredoctor09
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