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green cells book
Chapter 1 lessons 3-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell cycle | the series of events from one cell phase to another |
| interphase | the longest stage of a cell's life where growing and replication happens |
| replication | the copying of the DNA |
| mitosis | the process where one parent cell makes two daughter cells |
| chromosomes | the thread-like structures made of DNA in the nucleus of cells that carry an organism's genes |
| cytokinesis | the process when the two daughter cells separate |
| what takes place during the three stages of the cell cycle | cellular division |
| draw and label the cell cycle | see notes |
| explain DNA replication and how it accounts for the way it copies itself | DNA replication is the process of creating two identical DNA molecules from a single original double-stranded DNA molecule. It accounts for itself during the separation of the DNA |
| selectively permeable | a membrane that controls which substances pass through, allowing some molecules to enter or exit while blocking others |
| passive transport | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| diffusion | the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration to achieve balance |
| osmosis | the passive movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area where water is more concentrated to an area where it's less concentrated |
| active transport | the cellular process of moving molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring cellular energy |
| endocytosis | the active process where a cell engulfs substances from its external environment, bringing them inside the cell by pinching off a piece of its plasma membrane to form a membrane-bound sac called a vacuole |
| exocytosis | the process where cells transport large molecules or waste out of the cell by enclosing them in a membrane-bound sac (vacuole) that then fuses with the cell's plasma membrane, releasing its contents to the exterior |
| explain how materials move in and out of cells | Passive Transport and Active Transport |
| know the different types of membrane transport and how each works | active: Uses ATP directly to pump substances against their gradient passive: movement of molecules from a high to low concentration |
| explain the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis | Endocytosis brings materials into the cell by engulfing them in a vacuole, while exocytosis sends materials out of the cell by a vacuole fusing with the plasma membrane |
| explain the difference between faciliated diffusion and diffusion | Diffusion moves small molecules directly through the cell membrane from high to low concentration without help, while facilitated diffusion uses special channel or carrier proteins to help larger molecules cross the membrane |
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