Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Oral Exam: Neuro

TermDefinition
Perception (bottom-up) Raw sensory intake of sound (pitch, timbre, loudness). No meaning attached yet.
Cognition (top-down) Interpretation, meaning-making, labeling musical elements. Recognizing melody, style, or emotional significance.
Parallel Processing of Stimuli Brain processes multiple musical elements simultaneously
Gestalt Principles in Music & Attention “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” Brain automatically organizes musical elements into meaningful patterns.
Gestalt Principles helps create unified perception of Melodies, Phrases, Chord progressions, Rhythmic groupings
Definition of Attention The selection mechanism of the brain that determines what information is processed deeply and what is filtered out.
Sustained attention maintaining focus over long periods.
Selective attention focusing on one stream while filtering others (ex
Attentional control shifting attention intentionally, redirecting focus.
Covert attention internal shift (not visible).
Overt attention visible shift (eye movement, head turn).
Capacity Model limited cognitive resources; uses chunking and memory.
Spotlight Model attention focuses like a spotlight; everything else fades.
Cocktail Party Phenomenon focusing on one auditory stream; includes
Bottleneck Theory only selected sensory info is processed due to limited capacity.
Filter Model filtering occurs before pattern recognition.
Attenuation Theory unattended information is “turned down” but still processed lightly.
Feature Integration Theory basic features are processed first; attention binds them together.
Biased Competition Theory stimuli compete for processing; influenced by goals and salience.
Amygdala fear, anxiety, emotional learning; activated by unexpected/dissonant music.
Insula interoception, disgust, anxiety, social emotions.
Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC) reward value; activated by preferred music.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) error detection, conflict monitoring, pitch correction.
Mesolimbic System dopamine release, pleasure (musical chills).
Nucleus Accumbens key dopamine reward center activated by pleasurable music.
Basal Ganglia rhythm, movement, emotional action tendencies.
Cerebellum timing, sequencing, entrainment with rhythm.
Feeling brief, subjective label (“I feel sad”).
Mood long-lasting, diffuse emotional state.
Emotion specific, trigger-based reaction with physiological changes.
Cognitive appraisal evaluating meaning.
Regulation adjusting response.
Subjective feeling internal experience.
Action tendency urge to act.
Physiological arousal bodily changes (HR, respiration).
Expression outward display.
Aesthetic Evoked by art/music. Not tied to survival or action.
Utilitarian Goal-directed; survival-oriented. Fear → run, anger → fight, etc.
Physiological / Biological Heart rate changes, respiration changes, Goosebumps, chills, Dopamine release (reward pathways), SNS activation, Rhythm processed by cerebellum & basal ganglia, Dissonance activates insula
Psychological / Cognitive Schema-based expectations, Interpretation based on memory & culture, Emotional meaning-making, Catharsis (sad music can feel good), Safe emotional expression through music
Emotional factors influencing response Personal history, Cultural background, Preference/familiarity, Musical structure (dissonance, tempo, dynamics)
Discrete Model basic universal emotions (fear, anger, happiness).
Dimensional Model valence (pleasant/unpleasant) + arousal (high/low).
Miscellaneous / Music-specific emotion depends on genre, familiarity, personal meaning.
Emotion regulation adjusting emotional arousal to return to balance.
Music can increase or decrease arousal it involves Lateral PFC (executive regulation), ACC (monitoring), OFC (value assignment), Amygdala (emotional learning)
Sensory Memory Very brief (<2 seconds).Includes auditory, visual, kinesthetic, and movement memory. Basis for audiation.
Immediate memory easily lost.
Working memory holds chunks; actively manipulates information.
Hippocampus chooses what to encode.
Long-Term Memory Permanent storage. Formed through repetition, meaning, emotional salience.
Semantic priming meaning-related.
Associative priming connected experiences.
Repetition priming repeated exposure improves recall.
Perceptual priming similar forms (rhyming).
Conceptual priming conceptual similarity (ascending pitch = going up).
Masked priming partial stimulus still influences recognition.
Attention determines what enters working memory.
Emotion strengthens memory consolidation (amygdala + hippocampus).
Music engages both increased encoding + retention.
Repetition enhances long-term memory.
Novel musical events increase arousal → stronger encoding.
Audiation supports memory rehearsal.
Music helps retrieval and consolidation.
Music is tied to emotional memories and stronger connections.
Cerebral Cortex long-term storage for explicit memories.
Neocortex distributed memory networks; organized retrieval.
Cerebellum procedural memory, rhythm, sequencing.
Basal Ganglia habit formation, motor sequences, procedural memory.
Allocortex includes hippocampus.
Hippocampus new memory formation, consolidation, episodic memory; links memory + emotion.
Aesthetic Evoked by art/music. Not tied to survival or action.
Utilitarian Goal-directed; survival-oriented. Fear → run, anger → fight, etc.
Physiological / Biological Heart rate changes, respiration changes, Goosebumps, chills, Dopamine release (reward pathways), SNS activation, Rhythm processed by cerebellum & basal ganglia, Dissonance activates insula
Psychological / Cognitive Schema-based expectations, Interpretation based on memory & culture, Emotional meaning-making, Catharsis (sad music can feel good), Safe emotional expression through music
Emotional factors influencing response Personal history, Cultural background, Preference/familiarity, Musical structure (dissonance, tempo, dynamics)
Discrete Model basic universal emotions (fear, anger, happiness).
Dimensional Model valence (pleasant/unpleasant) + arousal (high/low).
Miscellaneous / Music-specific emotion depends on genre, familiarity, personal meaning.
Emotion regulation adjusting emotional arousal to return to balance.
Music can increase or decrease arousal it involves Lateral PFC (executive regulation), ACC (monitoring), OFC (value assignment), Amygdala (emotional learning)
Sensory Memory Very brief (<2 seconds).Includes auditory, visual, kinesthetic, and movement memory. Basis for audiation.
Short-Term Memory
Immediate memory easily lost.
Working memory holds chunks; actively manipulates information.
Hippocampus chooses what to encode.
Long-Term Memory Permanent storage. Formed through repetition, meaning, emotional salience.
Semantic priming meaning-related.
Associative priming connected experiences.
Repetition priming repeated exposure improves recall.
Perceptual priming similar forms (rhyming).
Conceptual priming conceptual similarity (ascending pitch = going up).
Masked priming partial stimulus still influences recognition.
Attention determines what enters working memory.
Emotion strengthens memory consolidation (amygdala + hippocampus).
Music engages both increased encoding + retention.
Repetition enhances long-term memory.
Novel musical events increase arousal → stronger encoding.
Audiation supports memory rehearsal.
Music helps retrieval and consolidation.
Music is tied to emotional memories and stronger connections.
Cerebral Cortex long-term storage for explicit memories.
Neocortex distributed memory networks; organized retrieval.
Cerebellum procedural memory, rhythm, sequencing.
Basal Ganglia habit formation, motor sequences, procedural memory.
Allocortex includes hippocampus.
Hippocampus new memory formation, consolidation, episodic memory; links memory + emotion.
Created by: KaitDaniels
Popular Science sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards