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lesson 2 green book
4 period Connor.Ballew
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell membrane | The cell membrane, is a semipermeable barrier that surrounds and protects the interior of a cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out. |
| Nucleus | The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulates various cellular activities, including growth and metabolism. |
| Organelle | An organelle is a specialized structure within a cell that performs specific functions, similar to how organs function in the body. |
| Ribosome | Ribosomes are essential cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains. |
| Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance within a cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, that contains all the organelles except the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. |
| Mitochondria | An organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes within eukaryotic cells that plays a crucial role in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids. |
| Golgi Apparatus | A cell organelle that acts as the cell's "post office" for processing and packaging proteins and lipids. |
| Vacuole | A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in cells, primarily in plants and fungi, that stores various substances, helps maintain cell pressure, and plays a role in waste management. |
| Lysosome | A lysosome is a membrane-bound organelle found in animal cells that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris. |
| Multicellular | Multicellular refers to organisms that are made up of more than one cell, such as animals, plants, and most fungi. |
| Unicellular | Unicellular refers to organisms that consist of a single cell, which performs all necessary life functions such as metabolism, reproduction, and response to the environment. |
| Tissue | cells that preform similar functions in an organism |
| Organ | In a multicellular organism, an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function |
| Organ system | An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform specific functions in the body |
| Specialized cell | Specialized cells are unique types of cells that have specific structures and functions tailored to perform particular tasks in an organism |
| inside a Nucleus | The nucleus contains most of a cell's genetic material, organized as DNA within structures called chromosomes |
| the difference between animal and plant cells | Animal cells and plant cells both have a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, but they differ in several key ways |
| ER does for ribosomes | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), specifically the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), provides a site for ribosomes to synthesize proteins |
| where ribosomes are made and why they are so important | Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus, a structure within the cell's nucleus, where ribosomal RNA combines with proteins to form ribosomal subunits |
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