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psb2000
final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biological Rhythms | regular fluctuations in any living process |
| circadian rhythm | regular bodily rhythms or fluctuations that occur on a 24-hour cycle the biological clock |
| circadian rhythm examples | hormone secretion, human rest/activity cycles, rodent locomotor activity, rodent drinking behavior, body temperature and drug sensitivity |
| ultradian rhythms | biological rhythms or fluctuations that occur more than once each day |
| ultradian rhythms examples | feeding behavior, some hormone releases, 90-110 min mammalian sleep cycle |
| infradian rhythms | biological rhythms or fluctuations that repeat less frequently than once a day |
| infradian rhythm examples | menstrual cycles, breeding cycles, migratory behavior, and hibernation patterns |
| an endogenous clock | what are circadian rhythms generated by? |
| diurnal | active during the day most humans and primates |
| nocturnal | active during the night most mammals |
| the endogenous nature of the rhythm | what does activity rhythm of the hamster free-running show? |
| humans or animals would free-run | what would happen without cues about the time of day? |
| activity rhythm entrained to new schedule | what happened when light-dark schedule shifted for the hamster? |
| light | what is activity rhythm entrained by? |
| A normal hamster with a 24-hour circadian rhythm activity pattern shows a change to an arrhythmic activity pattern when the SCN is lesioned. Meaning that they show no consistent, clear pattern of when they are active vs when they are resting | Describe what happens when an adult hamster has a lesion to SCN. |
| If the hamster receives an SCN transplant from another hamster, but this hamster has a 20-hour circadian rhythm activity pattern, the hamster will begin to show a rhythmic pattern again. The pattern will match the shortened circadian rhythm that matches t | Describe what happens when that same hamster receives an SCN transplant from a hamster with a shorten circadian rhythm (~20 hours) |
| Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) | Responsible for sleep and temperature rhythms of all cell types. Synchronizes rhythms of all cell types. In the hypothalamus, above the optic chiasm |
| SCN | what is the "master clock" |
| it become arrhythmic (no rhythm). The rodent has irregular sleep and wake cycles | what happened to the rodent when there was damage to the SCN? |
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