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Green book
Chapter 1 lesson 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell wall | a rigid, protective outer layer found outside the cell membrane in plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and archaea, providing |
| Cell membrane | The thing that controls what goes in and what goes out |
| Nucleus | the central that controls the cell |
| Organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Ribosome | Produces proteins |
| Cytoplasm | Liquid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane or between the cell membrane and nucleus |
| Mitochondria | The power plant |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | network of membranes within a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm that produces, folds, and transports proteins and lipids |
| Golgi apparatus | a cell organelle, also known as the Golgi complex or Golgi body, that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles |
| Vacuole | a membrane-bound organelle in cells, acting as a storage sac for water, nutrients, ions, and waste |
| Lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| Multicellular | consisting of many cells. |
| Unicellular | Consisting of one cell |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells |
| Organ | a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans |
| Organ system | group of specialized organs that work together to perform a common, vital bodily function |
| Specialized cells | a cell that has unique structures and features, developed through differentiation from stem cells, to perform a specific function in a multicellular organism |
| List what is inside the nucleus | the cell's genetic material (DNA) organized as chromatin (and condensed into chromosomes) within a gel-like substance called nucleoplasm, along with the nucleolus (where ribosomes are made), and various proteins |
| Describe the difference between animal and plant cell structures | Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), and a large central vacuole, giving them fixed shapes, while animal cells lack these but have lysosomes, centrioles (for cell division), and smaller vacuoles |
| Describe what the endoplasmic reticulum does for ribosomes | provides a surface for ribosomes to attach, acts as a factory floor for protein synthesis and modification (folding, adding sugars), and channels these proteins into its internal space for transport, packaging into vesicles, and delivery to other |
| Where ribosomes are made and why they are so important | in the nucleolus, a structure inside the cell's nucleus, and are crucial because they are the cell's protein factories, translating genetic messages into the essential proteins that perform nearly all life functions, from fighting infections |
| Interphase the cell grows to its mature size makes a copy of its DNA and prepares to divide into 2 cells | |
| Prophase, and please condenses to form chromosomes, the pair of central move to opposite sides of the nucleus between the end of the nuclear envelope breaks down | |
| Metaphase chromosome line the center of the cell each attach to as it’s centrome | |
| Anaphase the centromes split the two chromatids separate one chromatid is drawn by spindle fibers to one end of the cell. The other coma moves to the opposite cell, stretches out as the opposite are pushed apart. | |
| TELOPHASE the chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose the appearance, a new nuclear forms around each region of chromosomes | |
| Cytokinesis the cell membrane punches in around the middle of the cell each other up with an identical set of chromosomes and about half the organelles |
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