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biology ch2
vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | basic unit of measure |
| nucleus | the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cells genetic material and controls the cells activity |
| electron | negatively changed particle; located outside the atomic nucleus |
| element | substance consisting entirely of one type of atom |
| isotope | atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| chemical bond | link that holds together atoms in compounds |
| ionic bond | bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| covalent bond | bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds |
| Van der Waals forces | a slight attraction that develops between the opposite regions nearby molecules |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attractions between unlike molecules |
| mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| solution | mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution |
| solvent | substances in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved materials |
| pH scale | measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution; ranges from 0-14 |
| acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution |
| base | compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution |
| buffer | weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevetn sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactant | element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
| product | element or compound by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
| monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| polymers | large compound formed from combination of many monomers |
| carbohydrates | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
| monosacchride | single sugar molecule |
| polysacchride | large macromolecule formed from monosacchrides |
| lipid | macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acid | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphrous |
| nucleotide | monomer of necleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphrous group and nitrogenous base |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up the enzymes |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group on 1 end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
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