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BruzzanoForestEco
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 4 spheres are involved in making soil? | lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere |
| What does all soil begin with? | bedrock |
| What happens to bedrock to make it soil? | I gets weathered physically or chemically |
| What is the composition of soil? | 45% minerals, 25% water, 25% air, 5% organic matter |
| 15,000 years ago what covered Michigan? | glacier |
| How deep was the glacier? | 1 mile |
| What happened when the glacier retreated? | It left large deposits of rocks and minerals. |
| What strongly shapes forest composition and structure? | soil |
| Soil Horizons from top to bottom. | O, A, E, B, C, R |
| Is there always an E horizon? | no |
| What does the O horizon consist of? | organic matter |
| What does the A horizon consist of? | mix of minerals and organic matter from the O horizon |
| What is another name for the A horizon? | Topsoil |
| What does the E horizon consist of? | sand and silt with no minerals due to the downward movement of water |
| What does the B horizon consist of? | fine materials and mineral precipitates |
| Horizon B is also known as what? | subsoil |
| Horizon B is in the Zone of _____________. | accumulation |
| What does the C horizon consist of? | partially weathered rock |
| What does the R horizon consist of? | bedrock |
| Which horizons are in the Eluvial Zone? | O, A, E |
| Which horizons are in the Illuvial Zone? | B, C, R |
| _________________ contributes to what type of soil it is. | Particle size from boulders to gravel |
| But the following in order from largest to smallest - silt, clay, sand | sand, silt, clay |
| But the following in order from most porous to least porous - clay, sand, silt | sand, silt, clay |
| How long does it take for water to drain in sand? | hours |
| How long does it take for water to drain in silt? | days |
| How long does it take for water to drain in clay? | years |
| What type of soil is the best for growing? | loam with about 20% clay |
| If the soil is 50% clay or more it is called what? | clay |
| Is soil called clay good for growing? | no |
| Why is some clay in the soil good for growing? | it has good CEC |
| CEC stands for what? | cation exchange capacity |
| The ability of soil to deliver important ions/nutrients to roots is called | CEC |
| How minerals buffer the acidity of the soil is called what? | base saturation |
| What 3 environmental factors affect how well plants grow and which animals are found in an area? | light, pH, temperature |
| How do you measure light intensity? | light meter |
| How do you measure pH? | pH probe |
| How do you measure temperature? | temperature probe |
| Area of a quadrant is what? | 0.5m x 0.5m = 0.25m2 |
| formula for used in quantifying total estimated number of something using quadrants. | (field area/(# of quadrants x 0.25)) x # found |
| A container sunk into the ground with a rain cover on top that is used to collect ground based organisms. | pitfall trap |
| This is used to collect flying insects or pond life. | sweep net |
| A cup with 2 straws used to collect bugs. | pooter |
| This helps make plants greener and healthier. | nitrogen |
| This is a key component of ATP, DNA, and RNA and is necessary for metabolism and helps with cell division and enlargement especially in roots | phosphorus |
| This activates enzymes and is necessary for sugar transport, seed and fruit development, and is needed for the stomata and regulation of water movement and gas exchange | potassium |
| This soil consists of thoroughly mixed mineral particles and organic matter and is good soil | mull |
| This soil has thick undecomposed organic matter on top of mineral soil particles and is found in conifer forests and is less desirable soil. | mor |
| This forest has mor soil that is more acidic, is found in areas with long winters with lots of rain or snow, has trees with needles that stay green and cones, has little sunlight reaching the ground, and most trees are similar in height. | coniferous |
| This forest has mull soil that is less acidic, is found in areas with 4 seasons, has trees with broad leaves that turn colors in the fall and loose their leaves, has a variety of tree sizes, lots of sunlight reaches the ground, and has grasses & flowers. | deciduous |
Created by:
mbruzzano
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