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11A and 11B Vocab

TermDefinition
Watershed An area of land where all water drains to the same place, such as a river, lake, or ocean.
Point Source Pollution Pollution that comes from a single, identifiable place (example: a pipe or factory drain).
Nonpoint Source Pollution Pollution that comes from many places and is hard to trace (example: fertilizer washed off lawns).
Runoff Water that flows over the land without soaking in and carries pollutants into waterways.
Infiltration Water soaking down into the soil.
Percolate Water moving downward through layers of soil and rock.
Groundwater Water stored underground in soil and rock layers.
Aquifer An underground layer of rock or sediment that stores groundwater.
Water Table The top of the groundwater layer; the level where the ground becomes saturated with water.
Surface Water Water found above ground, such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams.
Sediment Soil, sand, and rock particles that are carried by water and settle in bodies of water.
Erosion The movement of soil and rock caused by water, wind, or ice.
Urbanization Building cities, roads, and parking lots that increase runoff and pollution.
Watershed Health The overall condition of water quality, habitat, and balance of living things in a watershed.
Overfishing Catching fish faster than populations can replace themselves.
Habitat Destruction Damage to ocean environments like coral reefs and coastlines.
Sustainable Fishing Fishing practices that protect species so populations can stay healthy.
Coral Bleaching When coral loses color and weakens due to pollution, heat, or stress.
Biodiversity The variety of living things in an ecosystem.
Conservation Protecting and managing natural resources so they last longer and stay healthy for future use.
Fertilizer Nutrients added to soil to help plants grow, but too much can wash into waterways and cause pollution.
Pesticides Chemicals used to kill insects or pests; they can pollute soil and water when washed away by runoff.
Permeable A material that allows water to pass through it easily (examples: sand, soil, gravel).
Impermeable A material that does not allow water to pass through it (examples: concrete, asphalt, clay).
Artificial Reef A human-made structure placed in the ocean to create habitat for marine life, often made from concrete, sunken ships, or other materials that support coral and fish populations.
Human dependence on water Recreation, Food, Transportation, Oxygen, Temperature regulation
Well A deep hole dug or drilled into the ground to reach groundwater stored in an aquifer so people can pump it to the surface for drinking, irrigation, or other uses.
Eutrophication A process where extra nutrients, usually from fertilizer or sewage, enter water and cause algae to grow too fast. When the algae die and decompose, oxygen in the water drops and it becomes difficult for fish and other organisms to survive.
Retention pond A pond built to collect and hold stormwater so it does not flood nearby areas. It allows water to slowly soak into the ground or be released later at a safe rate.
Biological Pollution Pollution from living or dead organisms (Feces, sewage, dead organisms)
Chemical Pollution Pollution from Chemicals (Fertilizers, Pesticides, Industrial Waste)
Thermal Pollution Pollution from human activities that change the temperature of water (Using cold water in a power plant and releasing it back at a higher temperature)
Turbidity a measure of water's cloudiness or haziness, caused by suspended particles like clay, silt, and organic matter
Created by: user-1938343
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