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Biochem UMKC Exam 2
Biochemistry UMKC Persechini Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ABO blood types correspond to what antigens? | A, B and H. |
| What is the composition of the H antigen? | Gal - Fuctose |
| What do you add to make the A antigen, and what do you add it to? | Gal-(alpha 1->3)-GalNAc. (Add GalNAc to Gal.) |
| What do you add to make the B antigen, and what do you add it to? | Gal-(alpha 1->3)-Gal. (Add Gal to Gal.) |
| Which molecule is responsible for adding the additional sugar to make the A and B antigens? | GalNAc Transferase (A antigen) and Gal Transferase(B antigen). |
| What is the structure of the molecule preceding the ABH antigens? | Lipid/Protein - Glc - Gal - GlcNAc |
| What is proteoglycan? | It is a glycoprotein which heavy glycosylation. (Long chains of sugars attached to a protein in the membrane.) |
| What kind of molecule are the blood antigens? | O-linked oligosaccharides. |
| What is a lectin? | A group of proteins that recognize oligosacchardes/antigens in the way antibodies do. |
| What are the 3 functions of a lectin? | Protein sorting in the ER, cell adhesion (tissue organization) and innate immunity. |
| Definition of a lipid? | A substance that is soluble in methanol or chloroform due to hydrophobic character. |
| Function of lipids? | Structural, storage and energy, and cell communication. |
| What is a fatty acid? | Building block of lipids. |
| What is the structure of a fatty acid? | Carboxylic acid with a long allophatic chain. (Amphipathic.) |
| Most common allophatic chains in fatty acids? | C16 and C18. |
| Are fatty acids saturated or unsaturated? | About half are saturated. Half are unsaturated OR polyunsaturated. (One double bond vs. multiple double bonds.) |
| Where do the double bonds appear in fatty acids? | The first usually appears between C9 and C10. (Delta 9 bond.) If multiple double bonds, they are never conjugated. |
| What is special about double bonds in fatty acids? | They are always cis. |
| What is the name of CH3(CH2)14COOH? | Hexadecanoic Acid |
| What is the name of CH3(CH2)16COOH? | Octadecanoic Acid |
| What is the name of CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH? | 9-Hexadecanoic Acid |
| What is the name of CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH? | 9-Octadecanoic Acid |
| What is the name of CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH? | 18 ... 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid |
| What is the name of CH3CH24(CH=CHCH2)3(CH2)6COOH? | 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic Acid |
| What is the name of CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)3(CH2)3COOH? | 6,9,12-Octadectatrienoic Acid |
| What is the name of CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOH? | 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic Acid |
| Compare the packing structure of saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acids? | Saturated will pack closely, because the are freely rotatable due to no double bonds. Double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids impose a kink/bend. |
| How is the melting point affected in unsaturated fatty acids? | It decreases due to less VDW interactions because of the double bond kinks (non-rotation.) Thus, they are liquid at room temperature. |
| What is a triglycerol? | A fatty acid triester. |
| How many fatty acids does a triglycerol contain? | Usually 2 or 3. |
| What is the difference between fats and oils? | They're both triglycerides - fats are solid at room temp, oils are not. |
| What determines the melting point in triglycerides? | The degree of saturation along the aliphatic chains in the fatty acids. |
| What is another minor factor that plays into melting point of fatty acids? | The length of the chain. The greater it is, the more VDW interactions, the higher the MP. |
| How do you name a triglycerol? | Name the 3 fatty acids. |
| What is Olestra? | An indigestible sucrose polyester (not a triglyceride.) |
| What is the major function of Glycerophospholipids? | Glycerophospholipids are major constituents of biological membranes. |
| What are glycerophospholipids derived from? | Derived from Glycerol-3-phosphate, by esterification at C1 and C2 with fatty acids. |
| What is the usual structure of a glycerophospholipid? | Saturated C16/C18 fatty acid at C1, Unsaturated C16/C20 fatty acid at C2. Polar head group at C3. |
| How do you name a glycerophospholipid? | Name the fatty acid tails first, then the phospholipid portion. |
| What is the formula for Phosphatidylethanolamine? | --CH2CH2NH3+ |
| What is the formula for Phosphatidylcholine? | --CH2CH2N(CH3)3+ |
| What is the formula for Phosphatidylserine? | --CH2CH(NH3+)COO- |
| What is the formula for phosaphatidylinositol? | Ring Structure |
| What is DPPC? | It is a glycerophospholipid that functions as a surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs. |
| What portion of DPPC faces the gas region of alveoli? | The hydrophobic, fatty acid tails. |
| What is a sphingolpid? |
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