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Chapter 14

Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
Base Pairing A - T and C - G Complementary pairs
DNA Polymerase Enzyme that adds complementary DNA nucleotides - builds new DNA complementary to each side of the double strand
Double Helix DNA structure
Helicase separates the two DNA strands
Lagging Strand DNA polymerase can only add DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of another nucleotide
Leading strand Replication on one strand is a simple continuous process; DNA polymerase can continuously add nucleotides the 3' end
Ligase Fragments are later joined together by an enzyme
Mutation Change in the sequence of bases in DNA. Effects in Harmful, no functional effect, or beneficial effect
Nucleotides DNA made off
Okazaki Fragments Lagging strand definition - on one side this can only be done in short segments
Point mutation Nucleotide substitution - one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is changed to a different nucleotide
Replication Fork double helix unwinds to allow the synthesis of new DNA strands
Sugar-Phosphate backbone DNA structure, deoxyribose and phosphate portions make up
Telomerase End of linear chromosome can be maintained by and active only in germ cells (embryonic cells) and adult stem cells)
Telomere End of eukaryotic chromosomes, repeated segments of DNA that are not genes, protect the coding portions of DNA from shortening during replication
Created by: Khanlena
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