Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Hn Mutations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Protein Synthesis | The process of making proteins within a body cell |
| Proteins | A polypeptide chain of amino acids, they actually express your genes |
| Central Dogma | Describes the flow of protein synthesis: DNA - RNA - Protein |
| Transcription | When mRNA takes the complementary pair of a strand of DNA |
| Translation | When tRNA takes the anti-codon of mRNA and uses that to take the correct amino acid to the ribosome |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA, takes the complementary pair of DNA for transcription and then carries it from the nucleus to the ribosome , destroyed after use |
| tRNA | Transfer RNA, takes the anti-codon of mRNA and then uses that to bring the correct amino acid for the polypeptide chain, is reused |
| RNA Splicing | The process of removing introns and only leaving the exons |
| Introns | Part of DNA code that doesn't code for any specific gene |
| Exons | Part of DNA that does code for a specific gene |
| 5' Cap + 3' Tail | 5' cap helps binding to a ribosome and 3' tail helps leave the nucleus |
| RNA Polymerase | The enzyme that actually creates the complementary pair of DNA for the mRNA |
| Codon | A set of 3 nucleotides that codes for an amino acid |
| Anti-Codon | A set of 3 complementary nucleotides to a certain codon, found on tRNA |
| Gene Regulation | Gene expression is highly regulated - turns genes on and off to whether they can be expressed or not, HIV is something that disrupts gene regulation |
| Transcription Factors | Proteins that control gene activity |
| Epigenetics | The study of inheritable changes in gene expression, different from mutations, doesn't affect DNA sequence only how it is expressed |
| Mutation | A physical change in ones DNA sequence |
| TATA Box | It allows transcription to know when to start |
| Operon | The on and off switch for prokaryotic cells |
| Point Mutations | When one nucleotide is substituted for another, doesn't change any other nucleotide and is usually less severe |
| Frameshift Mutations | When either a nucleotide is added or taken and affects every following codon, usually more severe |
| Silent Mutations | When a mutation occurs but doesn't affect the expressed genes, this can happen when it occurs in the introns or when the new codon codes for the same amino acid as the old one |
| Offspring | Mutations in body cells aren't passed down, however mutations in sex cells are |
| Mutagens | Things that cause mutations |
Created by:
user-1989960
Popular Biology sets