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Chemistry Unit 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thermochemistry | The study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and changes in state |
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Work | Ability of an object to move against a force |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion = more KE, move faster |
| Potential Energy | Energy stored in a chemical bond |
| Heat (q) | Energy that transfers from one object to another because of the temperature difference. Will flow from higher temperature to a lower temperature |
| Absolute Zero | Coldest theoretical temperature where all molecular motion stops |
| Kelvin | Cannot be zero or negative |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | In any chemical or physical process. Energy is not created or destroyed, it is transferred |
| Endothermic Process | One that absorbs heat from the surroundings |
| Exothermic Process | One that releases heat to the surroundings |
| Calorie (cal) | The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius |
| Joule (J) | SI Unit of energy |
| Specific Heat Capacity | The amount of energy to heat 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius |
| Calorimetry | Accurate and precise measurement of heat changes for chemical and physical processes |
| Exothermic reaction | ^H is negative (releasing heat energy). If the heat of reaction is negative heat is a product or released |
| Endothermic reaction | ^H is positive (absorbing heat energy). If the heat of reaction is positive heat is a recatant or absorbed |
| Heat of Fusion (Hf) | The heat absorbed by one gram of a solid substance as it melts to a liquid at constant temperature. Sames as when heat is released when the liquid freezes |
| Heat of Vaporization (^Hvap) | The amount of heat necessary to vaporize (boil) one gram of a given liquid. The same as when the vapor condenses |
| Heats of Solution | Heat changes occur when a solid dissolves in a liquid (water) |
| Energy Changes in a Chemical Reaction | Potential energy diagrams are useful to show energy Changes in a Chemical Reaction. 1. Reactants 2.Products 3.Heat of reaction |
| Heat of Reaction (^H) | Measured when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements. Difference between the potential energy of products and reactions |
| Kelvin Conversion | C + 273 |
| Celsius Conversion | K -273 |
| Heating/cooling equation | q=mc^T |
| Heat of fusion equation | q=mHf Keywords melt, freeze, ice |
| Heat of vaporization equation | q=mHv Keywords vaporize boil, codense, steam |
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