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Anatomy 6-12
ANAtomy wks 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three main layers of the skin? | Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. |
| Which skin layer contains melanocytes? | The stratum basale of the epidermis. |
| What is the function of keratin? | To waterproof and protect the skin. |
| What happens during vasodilation of skin vessels? | Heat is released to cool the body. |
| What do sebaceous glands secrete? | Sebum to lubricate skin and hair. |
| What causes goosebumps? | Contraction of the arrector pili muscles. |
| What are the two major types of bone tissue? | Compact bone and spongy bone. |
| Which cells build new bone? | Osteoblasts. |
| Which cells break down bone? | Osteoclasts. |
| What is stored in bones as a major mineral? | Calcium (Ca²⁺). |
| What is the epiphyseal plate responsible for? | Lengthwise growth of long bones. |
| What is a fibrous joint? | A joint with no movement (e.g., skull sutures). |
| What are the three types of muscle tissue? | Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. |
| What is the functional unit of a muscle fiber? | The sarcomere. |
| Which ion is essential for muscle contraction? | Calcium (Ca²⁺). |
| What provides immediate energy for contraction? | ATP |
| What is the neuromuscular junction? | The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. |
| Which muscle type is voluntary? | Skeletal muscle. |
| What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? | CNS and PNS. |
| What is the role of a neuron? | To transmit electrical impulses. |
| What does the myelin sheath do? | Speeds up nerve impulse conduction. |
| What is a synapse? | The junction where neurons communicate. |
| What is an action potential? | The electrical signal that travels down the neuron. |
| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Involuntary functions of organs. |
| What structure controls the amount of light entering the eye? | The iris. |
| Where are photoreceptors located? | The retina. |
| What receptors detect smell? | Olfactory receptors. |
| What structures detect balance and head movement? | The semicircular canals. |
| What receptors sense pain? Nociceptors. | Nociceptors. |
| What do mechanoreceptors detect? | Pressure, stretch, or vibration. |
| How do endocrine glands release hormones? | Directly into the bloodstream. |
| Which gland is known as the “master gland”? | The pituitary gland. |
| Which gland regulates metabolism with T3 and T4? | The thyroid gland. |
| Which hormone raises blood calcium levels? | Parathyroid hormone (PTH). |
| Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels? | Insulin. |
| Which hormone raises blood glucose? | Glucagon. |
| Which gland releases cortisol during stress? | The adrenal cortex. |
| Which gland releases epinephrine? | The adrenal medulla. |
| What mechanism keeps hormone levels balanced? | Negative feedback loops. |
Created by:
AideeS
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